Summer Vocab Flashcards
Remember these (29 cards)
What is statistics?
Study of variability
Variability?
Differences, or how things are different
2 branches of statistics?
inferential and descriptive
Descriptive
Describing the data… i.e. mean, median, mode, range
Inferential
Using the data to talk about the bigger picture
Differences between descriptive and inferential
Descriptive explains the data while inferential uses the data to say something about the entire population
What is data?
Any collected information
What is a population?
The group of people that you are interested in
What is a sample?
The portion of the population that data is being taken from. Statistics come from a sample
Compare population to sample
A population is a generally a large group while a sample is a subset of that population. We use samples to make inferences about the population, and we use the population to make parameters.
Compare data to statistics
Data is each little bit of information collected from the subjects…. They are the
INDIVIDUAL little things we collect… we summarize them by, for example, finding
the mean of a group of data. If it is a sample, then we call that mean a “statistic” if
we have data from each member of population, then that mean is called a
“parameter”
Compare data to parameters
Data is each little bit of information collected from the subjects…. They are the
INDIVIDUAL little things we collect… we summarize them by, for example, finding
the mean of a group of data. If it is a sample, then we call that mean a “statistic” if
we have data from each member of population, then that mean is called a
“parameter”
What is a parameter?
A numerical summary of a population. Like a mean, median, range… of a
population
What is a statistic?
A numerical summary of a sample. Like a mean, median, range… of a sample.
We are curious about the average wait time at a Dunkin Donuts drive through in your neighborhood. You randomly sample cars one afternoon and find the average wait time is 3.2 minutes. What is the population parameter? What is the statistic? What is the parameter of interest? What is the data?
The parameter is the true average wait time at that Dunkin Donuts. This is a
number you don’t have and will never know. The statistic is “3.2 minutes.” It is the
average of the data you collected. The parameter of interest is the same thing as
the population parameter. In this case, it is the true average wait time of all cars.
The data is the wait time of each individual car, so that would be like “3.8 min, 2.2
min, .8 min, 3 min”. You take that data and find the average, that average is called
a “statistic,” and you use that to make an inference about the true parameter.
Compare DATA-STATISTIC-PARAMETER
using categorical
example
Data are individual measures… like meal preference: “taco, taco, pasta, taco, burger, burger, taco”… Statistics and Parameters are summaries. A statistic would be “42% of sample preferred tacos” and a parameter would be “42% of population preferred tacos.”
Compare DATA-STATISTIC-PARAMETER
using quantitative
example
Data are individual measures, like how long a person can hold their breath: “45
sec, 64 sec, 32 sec, 68 sec.” That is the raw data. Statistics and parameters are
summaries like “the average breath holding time in the sample was 52.4 seconds”
and a parameter would be “the average breath holding time in the population was
52.4 seconds”
What is a census?
Like a sample of the entire population, you get information from every member of
the population
Does a census make sense?
A census is ok for small populations (like Mr. Nystrom’s students) but impossible if
you want to survey “all US teens”
What is the difference between a
parameter and a statistic?
BOTH ARE A SINGLE NUMBER SUMMARIZING A LARGER GROUP OF NUMBERS….
But pppp parameters come from pppp populations… sss statistics come from ssss
statistics.`
If I take a random sample of 20 hamburgers from FIVE GUYS and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them… and one of them had 9 pickles, then the number 9 from that burger would be called \_\_\_\_?
a datum, or a data value.
If I take a random sample 20 hamburgers from FIVE GUYS and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them… and the average number of pickles was 9.5, then 9.5 is considered a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
statistic. (t is a summary of a sample.)`
If I take a random sample of 20 hamburgers from FIVE GUYS and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them… and I do this because I want to know the true average number of pickles on a burger at FIVE GUYS, the true average number of pickles is considered a \_\_\_\_\_\_?
parameter/parameter of interest
What is the difference between a
sample and a census?
With a sample, you get information from a small part of the population. In a
census, you get info from the entire population. You can get a parameter from a
census, but only a statistic from a sample.
