Summer Vocab Flashcards
Learn necessary vocab for Honors and CP statistics (42 cards)
What is Statistics?
The study of variability
What is variability?
How things differ. There is variability everywhere… we all look different, act different, have different preferences…. Statisticians look at these differences.
What are two branches of AP stats?
Inferential and Descriptive
What are Descriptive Stats?
Tell me what you got! Describe the data that you collected, use pictures or summaries like mean, median, range, etc…
What are Inferential Stats?
Look at your data and use that to say stuff about the BIG PICTURE… like tasting soup, a little tatse tells you about the whole pot….. a sample can tell you a lot about an entire population…
Compare Descriptive and Inferential Stats
Descriptive explains the data you have, Inferential uses that data to say something about an entire population..
What is data?
Any collected information.
What is a population?
The group you’re interested in. Sometimes its big, like “all teens in the US” other times its small, like “all AP stats students in my school”
What is a sample?
A subset of population, often taken to make inferences about the population. We calculate statistics from samples.
Compare population to sample
Populations are generally large, and samples are small subsets of these populations. We take smaples to make inferences about populations. We use statistics to estimate parameters.
Compare data to statistics
Data is each little bit of information collected from the subjects…. they are the INDIVIDUAL little things we collect…. Statistics are when we summarize data by, for example, finding the mean of a group of data. If it is a sample, then we call that mean a “statistic” if we have data from each member of a population, then that mean is called a “parameter”.
Compare data to parameters
Data is each little bit of information collected from the subjects…. They are the INDIVIDUAL little things we collect… parameters are the numbers that summarize an entire population.
What is a parameter?
A numerical summary of a population. Like a mean, median, range… of a population.
What is a statistic?
A numerical summary of a sample. Like a mean, median, range… of a sample.
We are curious about the average wait time at a Dunkin Donuts druve through in your neighborhood. You randomly sample cars one afternoon and find the average time is 3.2 minutes. What is the population parameter? What is the statistic? What is the parameter of interest? What is the data?
The parameter is the true average wait time at that Dunkin Donuts. This is a number you dont have and will never know. The statistic is “3.2 minutes”. It is the average of the data you collected. The parameter of interest is the same as the population parameter. In this case it is the true average wait time of all cars. The data is the wait time of each individual car, so that would be like “3.8 min, 2.2 min, .8 min, 3 min”. You take that data and find the average, that average is called a “statistic”, and you use that to make an inference about the true parameter.
Compare Data-Statistic-Parameter using categorical example
Data are individual measures… like meal preference: “taco, taco, pasta, taco, burger, burger, taco”… Statistics and Parameters are summaries. A statistic would be “42% of sample preferred tacos” and a parameter would be “42% of population preffered tacos”.
Compare Data-Statistic-Parameter using quantitative example
Data are individual measures, like how long a person can hold their breath: “45 sec, 64 sec, 32 sec, 68 sec.” That is the raw data. Statistics and parameters are summaries like “the average breath holding time in the sample was 52.4 seconds” and a parameter would be “the average breath holding time in the population was 52.4 seconds”
What is a census?
Like a sample of the entire population, you get information from every member of the population.
Does a census make sense?
A census is ok for small populations but impossible if you want to survey “all US teens”
What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?
BOTH ARE A SINGLE NUMBER SUMMARIZING A LARGER GROUP OF NUMBERS…. But pppp parameters come from pppp populations…. sss statistics come from sss statistics.
If i take a random sample of 20 hamburgers from Five Guys and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them…. and one of them had 9 pickles, the the number 9 from that burger would be called ____?
A datum, or a data value.
If i take a random sample of 20 hamburgers from Five Guys and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them…. and the average number of pickles was 9.5, then 9.5 is considered a ____?
Statistic. (It is a summary of a sample.)
If i take a random sample of 20 hamburgers from Five Guys and count the number of pickles on a bunch of them…. and I do this because i want to know the true average number of pickles on a burger at Five Guys, the true average number of pickles is considered a ____?
Parameter, a one number summary of the population. The truth. AKA the parameter of interest.
What is the difference between a sample and a census?
With a sample, you get information from a small part of the population. In a census, you get info from the entire population. You can get a parameter from a census, but only a statistic from a sample.
