Summer Vocab

Question 1

What is Statistics?

Answer 1

The study of variability.

Question 2

What is variability?

Answer 2

Differences; how things differ.

Question 3

What are 2 branches of AP Statistics?

Answer 3

Inferential and Descriptive.

Question 4

What are DESCRIPTIVE STATS?

Answer 4

Statistics that are explained through descriptions (mean, median range, etc.).

Question 5

What are INFERENTIAL STATS?

Answer 5

A sample of the bigger picture, such as the population.

Question 6

Compare Descriptive and Inferential STATS

Answer 6

Descriptive tells you about the data, inference uses that data.

Question 7

What is data?

Answer 7

Any collected information.

Question 8

What is a population?

Answer 8

The group your interested in.

Question 9

What is a sample?

Answer 9

A subset of a population, often taken to make inferences about the population.

Question 10

Compare population to sample.

Answer 10

Samples make up a population.

Question 11

Compare data to statistics.

Answer 11

Data is the individual information collected in a group. To summarize them, you find the mean of a group, which is the statistic.

Question 12

Compare data to parameter.

Answer 12

Data is the individual information found in a group. To summarize them, find the mean in a population, which is the parameter.

Question 13

What is a parameter?

Answer 13

A numerical summary of a population.

Question 14

What is a statistic?

Answer 14

A numerical summary of a sample.

Question 15

What is a census?

Answer 15

Like a sample of the entire population, you get information from every member of the population.

Question 16

Does a census make sense?

Answer 16

A census is ok for small populations (like Mr. Nystrom’s students) but impossible if you want to survey “all US teens”.

Question 17

What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

Answer 17

Parameters come from populations, and statistics come from samples.

Question 18

What is the difference between a sample and a census?

Answer 18

With a sample, you get information from a small part of the population. In a census, you get info from the entire population. You can get a parameter from a census, but only a statistic from a sample.

Question 19

What are random variables?

Answer 19

If you randomly choose people from a list, then their hair color, height, weight and any other data collected from them can be considered random variables.

Question 20

What is the difference between
quantitative and categorical
variables?

Answer 20

Quantitative variables are numerical measures, like height and IQ. Categorical are categories, like eye color and music preference.

Question 21

What is the difference between

quantitative and categorical data?

Answer 21

Quantitative data is always a number. Categorical data is always a word. (yes, no, maybe)

Question 22

What is the difference between

discrete and continuous variables?

Answer 22

Discrete variables are whole numbers, while continuous variables go on, like 4.685…

Question 23

What is a quantitative variable?

Answer 23

A quantitative variable is numerical.

Question 24

What is a categorical variable?

Answer 24

A qualitative variable can be put in categories.

Question 25

What do we sometimes call a categorical variable?

Answer 25

A qualitative variable.

Question 26

What is quantitative data?

Answer 26

The actual numbers gathered from each subject.

Question 27

What is categorical data?

Answer 27

The actual individual category from a subject.

Question 28

What is a random sample?

Answer 28

A actually random sample, such as a dice roll, or paper from a hat.

Question 29

What is frequency?

Answer 29

How often something comes up.

Question 30

Data or datum?

Answer 30

Datum is singular, data is plural.

Question 31

What is a frequency distribution?

Answer 31

A table/chart that shows how often certain values or categories occur in a data set.

Question 32

What is meant by relative frequency?

Answer 32

The PERCENT of time something comes up (frequency ÷ total)

Question 33

How do you find relative frequency?

Answer 33

Divide the frequency by the total.

Question 34

What is cumulative frequency?

Answer 34

Adding the frequencies as you go. (Sell 25 pieces of candy; 10 first, 5 second, 4 third, and 6 fourth. That's 10, 15, 19, 25)

Question 35

What is relative cumulative frequency?

Answer 35

The added up PERCENTAGES.

Question 36

What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?

Answer 36

``` Bar charts are for categorical data (bars don't touch) and histograms are for quantitative data (bars do touch). ```

Question 37

What is the mean?

Answer 37

The old average that used to be calculated. It is the balancing point of the histogram.

Question 38

What is the difference between a population mean and a sample mean?

Answer 38

A population mean is a parameter, and a sample mean is a statistic.

Question 39

What symbols are used for the population mean and the sample mean?

Answer 39

Mu (p with cut top) for population mean, x-bar (x with bar overhead) for sample mean.

Question 40

How can you think about the mean and median to remember the difference when looking at a histogram?

Answer 40

The mean is a balancing point of a histogram, and the median splits the area of the histogram in half.

Question 41

What is the median?

Answer 41

The middle number, always splits the area in half (always found at (n+1)/2)

Question 42

What is the mode?

Answer 42

The most common number, or the peaks of a histogram. Often used in categorical data.

Question 43

When is the mode often used?

Answer 43

With categorical variables.

Question 44

How are mean, median and mode positioned in a skewed left histogram?

Answer 44

How'd in that order from left to right (--->) mean-median-mode.

Question 45

How are mean, median and mode positioned in a skewed right histogram?

Answer 45

Goes in the opposite order from right to left (

Question 46

Who chased the tail?

Answer 46

The mean chases the tail (and outliers).