Summer Vocabulary

Question 1

Individuals

Answer 1

Objects described by a set of data. Individuals may be people, animals, or things.

Question 2

Variable

Answer 2

Any characteristic of an individual. A variable can take different values for different individuals.

Question 3

Categorical Variable

Answer 3

Places an individual into one of several groups or categories.

Question 4

Quantitative Variable

Answer 4

Takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average.

Question 5

Discrete Variables

Answer 5

Variable that cannot take on any value between its minimum value and its maximum value.

Question 6

Continuous

Answer 6

Variable that can take on any value between its minimum value and its maximum value.

Question 7

Univariate Data

Answer 7

Data gathered from a study that looks at only one variable.

Question 8

Bivariate Data

Answer 8

Data gathered from a study that looks at two variables.

Question 9

Population

Answer 9

The total set of observations that can be made.

Question 10

Sample

Answer 10

A set of observations drawn from a population.

Question 11

Census

Answer 11

A study that obtains data from every member of a population.

Question 12

Distribution

Answer 12

Tells us what values the variable takes and how often it takes these values.

Question 13

Inference

Answer 13

Drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample of the data.

Question 14

Frequency Table

Answer 14

A table that shows frequency counts for a categorical variable.

Question 15

Relative Frequency

Answer 15

A measure of the number of times an event occurs for a subgroup, divided by the number of times an event occurs for the total population.

Question 16

Table

Answer 16

An arrangement of data in rows and columns for the use of data analysis.

Question 17

Roundoff Error

Answer 17

The difference between an approximation of a number used in computation and its exact value.

Question 18

Pie Chart

Answer 18

Displays the distribution of a categorical variable as percents, or slices, of a pie.

Question 19

Bar Graph

Answer 19

Displays the distribution of a categorical variable by plotting columns and rows.

Question 20

Two-Way Table

Answer 20

Examines relationships between categorical variables.

Question 21

Marginal Distribution

Answer 21

The distribution of values of that variable among all individuals described by the table.

Question 22

Conditional

Answer 22

Distribution of relative frequencies in the body of a two-way table.

Question 23

Distribution

Answer 23

A listing showing all the possible values of the data and how often they occur.

Question 24

Segmented Bar Graph

Answer 24

A type of bar graph where columns are stacked and total to 100% of the discrete value.

Question 25

Side-by-side Bar

Answer 25

A type of bar graph where columns are grouped into pairs to compare two categorical values.

Question 26

Graph

Answer 26

Diagram showing relation between variables.

Question 27

Association

Answer 27

Knowing the value of one variable helps predict the value of the the other.

Question 28

Simpson's Paradox

Answer 28

An effect that occurs when the marginal association between two categorical variables is qualitatively different from the partial association between the same two variables.

Question 29

Dotplot

Answer 29

A graphic display used to compare frequency counts within categories or groups, made up of dots plotted on a graph.

Question 30

Shape

Answer 30

Describes the distribution of data in terms of symmetry, peaks, and skews.

Question 31

Mode

Answer 31

The most commonly observed value in a set of data.

Question 32

Center

Answer 32

The middle of a distribution, often measured by the mean or median of a data set.

Question 33

Spread

Answer 33

The extent to which a distribution is stretched.

Question 34

Range

Answer 34

The difference between the lowest and highest values.

Question 35

Outlier

Answer 35

A data point that differs significantly from other observations.

Question 36

Symmetric

Answer 36

A type of distribution where the left side of the distribution mirrors the right side.

Question 37

Skewed Right

Answer 37

A measure of asymmetry in which the data has a tail on the right side of the distribution.

Question 38

Skewed Left

Answer 38

A measure of asymmetry in which the data has a tail on the left side of the distribution.

Question 39

Unimodal

Answer 39

Distribution with one clear peak or most frequent value.

Question 40

Bimodal

Answer 40

Distribution with two clear peaks or most frequent values.

Question 41

Multimodal

Answer 41

Distribution with more than two clear peaks or most frequent values.

Question 42

Stemplot

Answer 42

A way to plot data where the data is split into stems (the largest digit) and leaves (the smallest digits).

Question 43

Splitting Stems

Answer 43

Separating the quantitative values into two different digits when displaying them in a stem and leaf plot.

Question 44

Back-to-back Stem

Answer 44

Used for numerical data where two sets of data use the same set of stems.

Question 45

Plots

Answer 45

A diagram that displays data for data analysis.

Question 46

Histogram

Answer 46

A graphical display of data using bars of different heights, grouping numbers into ranges.

Question 47

Mean

Answer 47

The average value of a set of data.

Question 48

Median

Answer 48

The measure of central tendency, represented by the middle value in a set of data.

Question 49

Interquartile Range

Answer 49

A measure of variability, based on dividing a data set into quartiles.

Question 50

Five-Number Summary

Answer 50

An analysis consisting of the most extreme values in the data set, the lower and upper quartiles, and the median.

Question 51

Boxplot

Answer 51

A type of graph used to display patterns of quantitative data that splits the data set into quartiles.

Question 52

Standard Deviation

Answer 52

A numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary, measured by how greatly from the mean a value is.

Question 53

Variance

Answer 53

A numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary.