Summer Work

Question 1

Individuals

Answer 1

objects described by a set of data

Question 2

Variable

Answer 2

any characteristic of an individual

Question 3

Categorical Variable

Answer 3

places an individual into one of several groups or categories (ex: zip code)

Question 4

Quantitative Variable

Answer 4

Takes a numerical value for which it makes sense to find an average (GPA)

Question 5

Discreet Variable

Answer 5

have a fixed set of possible values, no in-between values, probability adds up to 1

Question 6

Continuous variable

Answer 6

value is obtained by measuring, there are an infinite set of values

Question 7

Univariate Data

Answer 7

results from a study looking at only one variable

Question 8

Bivariate Data

Answer 8

results from a study that compares the relationship between two variables

Question 9

Population

Answer 9

refers to the total set of observations that can be made

Question 10

Sample

Answer 10

refers to a set of observations drawn from the population

Question 11

Census

Answer 11

a study that obtains data from every member of a population

Question 12

Distribution

Answer 12

Tells us what values a variable takes and how often it takes such values

Question 13

Marginal Distribution

Answer 13

the distribution of values of that variable among all individuals described by the table.

Question 14

Inference

Answer 14

a table that shows frequency counts for categorical data

Question 15

Frequency Table

Answer 15

drawing conclusions that go beyond the data

Question 16

Relative Frequency Table

Answer 16

shows relative frequency for different categories of categorical data

Question 17

Round-Off Error

Answer 17

the effect of rounding off results

Question 18

Pie Chart

Answer 18

show the distribution of categorical data, each slice is sized by percent of category

Question 19

Bar Graph

Answer 19

represents categorical data with bars

Question 20

Two Way Table

Answer 20

shows relationships between categorical variables

Question 21

Relative Frequency

Answer 21

subgroup count/total count

Question 22

Conditional Distribution

Answer 22

probability distribution for a subpopulation (inside the cells of two way tables)

Question 23

Segmented Bar Graph

Answer 23

stacked bar chart, each bar makes up 100% of discrete values

Question 24

Side by Side Bar Graph

Answer 24

uses bars to make side by side comparisons of data

Question 25

Association

Answer 25

refers to the relationship that occurs if knowing the value of one variable helps predicts the value of the other

Question 26

Simpsons Paradox

Answer 26

statistical phenomenon where an association between two variables in a population emerges, disappears or reverses when the population is divided into subpopulations.

Question 27

Dot Plot

Answer 27

a type of graphic display used to compare frequency counts within categories or groups

Question 28

Shape

Answer 28

describes graph

Question 29

Mode

Answer 29

value that is repeated most often in a population or sample

Question 30

Center

Answer 30

middle of distribution

Question 31

Spread

Answer 31

is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed

Question 32

Range

Answer 32

difference between the biggest and smallest random variable

Question 33

Outlier

Answer 33

a data point that diverges greatly from the overall pattern of data

Question 34

Symmetric

Answer 34

can be divided at the center so that each half is a mirror image of the other

Question 35

Skewed Right

Answer 35

distributions with fewer observations on the right (more low values)

Question 36

Skewed Left

Answer 36

distributions with fewer observations on the left (more high values)

Question 37

Unimodal

Answer 37

distributions with one clear peak

Question 38

Bimodal

Answer 38

distributions with two clear peaks

Question 39

Multimodal

Answer 39

distributions with more than one peak

Question 40

Stemplot

Answer 40

used to display quantitative data, usually from smaller data sets

Question 41

Splitting Stems

Answer 41

method for spreading out a stemplot that has too few stems

Question 42

Back to Back Stem Plots

Answer 42

stem in the middle vertical line, leaves on either side

Question 43

Histogram

Answer 43

The columns are positioned over a label that represents a continuous quantitative variable, height represents size of group defined by label

Question 44

Mean

Answer 44

an average, sum of individuals divided by the total number of individuals

Question 45

Median

Answer 45

middle value in data set or average of two middle values

Question 46

Inter Quartile Range

Answer 46

The interquartile range is equal to Q3 minus Q1

Question 47

Five Number Summary

Answer 47

minimum, maximum, median, Q1 and Q3

Question 48

Box Plot

Answer 48

type of graph used to display patterns of quantitative data

Question 49

Standard Deviation

Answer 49

numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary, square root of average deviation from mean

Question 50

Variance

Answer 50

numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals in a group vary, average squared deviation from mean