SUPERFAMILY: Paramphistomoidea/ Amphistomes Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
Characteristics of Paramphistomoidea
A
- Also known as paramphistomes, conical flukes or stomach flukes
- Pear-shaped, red or pink in color
- Suckers are situated at each extremity
- pharynx are absent
- With simple ceca
2
Q
with ventral pouch, body not divided in 2 parts
A
Family GASTROTHYLACIDAE
3
Q
Genera of Family Gastrothylacidae
A
- Fischoederius
- Carmyerius
- Gastrothylax
- Velasquezotroma
4
Q
Fischoederius that located in the rumen of cattle and Carabao
A
F. elongatus
F. Cobboldi
5
Q
Site: rumen under genus Carmyerius
A
C. synethes
C. gregarius
6
Q
Site: rumen under genus gastrothylax
A
G. crumenifer
7
Q
Site: rumen of buffaloes under genus Velasquezotroma
A
Velasquezotroma brevisacus
8
Q
Without ventral pouch body not divided into 2 parts
A
Family: PARAMPHISTOMIDAE
9
Q
Genera of Paramphistomidae
A
Paramphistomum
Calicophoron
Gigantocotyle
Cotylophoron
Ceylonocotyle/ Orthocoelium
10
Q
Paramphistomum
A
P. cervi - rumen and reticulum
11
Q
Calicophoron spp.
A
C. calicophorum -rumen
C. crassium - rumen
12
Q
Gigantocotyle spp.
A
G. batycotyle - liver of cattle and carabao
G. explanatum - bile duct, gall bladder, and duodenum of cattle and buffalo
13
Q
Cotylophoron spp.
A
C. cotylophorum - rumen and reticulum
14
Q
Ceylonocotyle/ Orthocoelium
A
C. Orthocoelium
C. dicranocoelium
C. scoliocoelium
C. gigantopharynx
C. serpenticaecum
15
Q
Without ventral pouch, body divided into 2 parts
A
Family: GASTRODISCIDAE
16
Q
Genera of Family GASTRODICIDAE
A
Gastrodiscus
Homologaster
17
Q
Small and large intestine of horse and pig
A
G. aegyptiacus
18
Q
Homologaster that is found in rumen and cecum of cattle and buffaloes
A
H. paloniae
19
Q
Host of Family GASTRODICIDAE
A
Ruminants, pigs, horses
20
Q
I. H. Of Family GASTRODISCIDAE
A
Planorbis sp.
Bulinus sp.
Galba sp
Gyraulus convexiusculus or Lymnaea sp.
21
Q
Treatment of Family Gastrodiscidae
A
Albendazole
22
Q
Blood flukes
A
Family: SCHISTOSOMATIDAE
23
Q
Characteristics of SCHISTOSOMATIDAE
A
- Cylindrical
- unisexual
- inhabit the blood vessels of the host
- the female is slender and longer than the male which is much broader
- female is carried by male during copulation by means of a ventral groove known as “gynaecophoric canal”
- Eggs are non-operculated
- Cercariae are furcocercous(branched tail end)
- Cercariae do not encyst
24
Q
FH of Schistosoma japonicum
A
Man and domestic Animals
25
I. H. Of Schistosoma japonicum
Oncomelania hupensis quadrasii (Phil)
O. nosophora (Japan)
O. hupensis (China)
O. formosanum (Formosa)
26
Site of Schistosoma japonicum
Portal and mesenteric vessels
27
Schistosoma japonicum concomitant immunity possible with major escape mechanisms as:
Antigenic mimicry
Immunosuppression
Isotypic Selection
28
Mode of transmission for Schistosomiasis:
Skin penetration
Ingestion of contaminated water
Prenatal infection( isolated reports)
29
Treatment of Schistosomosis
Praziquantel(Biltricide) - drug of choice
30
Prevention of Schistosomosis
- Avoid contact with contaminated water
- Proper disposal of human excret
- Destruction of snail intermediate host (some Echinostoma sp are predative to Schistosoma sp)
- Information dissemination
31
Other species affecting mesenteric veins of man in Africa, South America, and the Middle East.
Schistosoma mansoni
32
Eggs laid in the walls of the bladder and urethra
Schistosoma hematobium
33
Schistosoma bovis
- occurs in portal and messsenteric vessels
- affects ruminants, equine, Ang baboon
- present in southern Europe, South Asia, and Africa
- with spindle shape eggs
- the I.H are Bulinus and Physopsis sp
34
Schistosoma nasalis
- found in the veins of the Nasal mucosa of cattle, goat, and horse in india
- eggs are boomerang-shaped
- I.H. are Lymnaea sp and Indoplanorbis sp
-causes nasal granuloma "snoring disease"
35
Schistosoma spiridalis
- occurs in the mesenteric veins of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat
- eggs are flatted on the side with a terminal spine
- I. H. Are the planorbis And Indoplanorbis s.
36
Flukes acquire a making coat of host molecules, thus disguising their non-self character
Antigenic mimicry
37
Released of worm-derived neuropeptides
Immunosuppression
38
Protective mechanisms; resistance dependent on balance between protective and blocking effects of specific antibodies
Isotypic Selection
39
Disease three stages in Schistosomosis
Developmental period
Period of active oviposition and extrusion
Period of proliferation and repair
40
Host: Cattle, sheep, goat
Predilection site: Portal, mesenteric veins; veins of urogenital system
Schistosoma bovis
41
Host: Dom and wild ruminants; occasionally man
Predilection site: Intestinal, hepatic, and bladder vein
Schistosoma matthei
42
Host: Dom and wild animals; man
Predilection site: Portal and mesenteric veins
Schistosoma japonicum
43
Host: cattle, horse, pig
Predilection site: mesenteric veins
Schistosoma spindale
44
Host: ruminants and horse
Predilection site: veins of nasal mucosa
Schistosoma nasale
45
Host: man
Predilection site: caudal mesenteric veins
Schistosoma mansoni
46
Urinary or bladder Schistosomosis
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma intercalatum
Schistosoma haematobium
47
Host: man
Predilection site: mesenteric veins
Schistosoma intercalatum
Schistosoma mekongi
48
Host: man
Predilection site: Bladder veins; veins of the urogenital system
Schistosoma haematobium
49
Host: man
Predilection site: Bladder veins; veins of the urogenital system
Schistosoma haematobium
50
Host: ruminants
Predilection site: veins of intestinal mucosa, liver, and pancreas
Orientobilharzia turkestanica
51
Host: Domestic and wild ducks and water birds
Predilection site: Mesenteric and hepatic veins
Trichobilharzia, Bilharziella
52
Two clinical syndromes:
- Acute intestinal syndrome
- Chronic hepatic syndrome
53
Two clinical syndromes:
- Acute intestinal syndrome
- Chronic hepatic syndrome
54
Schistosoma indicum
-Occurs in the portal, mesenteric, pancreatic, hepatic and pelvic vessels of sheep, goat, and cattle, equine, and camel in india
- cause nodule formation in various organs particularly in the liver and pancreas
55
Schistosoma indicum
-Occurs in the portal, mesenteric, pancreatic, hepatic and pelvic vessels of sheep, goat, and cattle, equine, and camel in india
- cause nodule formation in various organs particularly in the liver and pancreas
56
Schistosoma suis
-Affects pig and dog in India
- Eggs are flattened on one side with a small, stout spine
57
Schistosoma suis
-Affects pig and dog in India
- Eggs are flattened on one side with a small, stout spine
58
Incriminated schistosome species are:
Trichobilharzia sp. - wild birds
Austrobilharzia sp. - ducks
Heterobilharzia sp. - dogs, raccoon
59
Incriminated schistosome species are:
Trichobilharzia sp. - wild birds
Austrobilharzia sp. - ducks
Heterobilharzia sp. - dogs, raccoon
60
Family DICROCOELIDAE characteristics:
- Parasites of the bile duct and pancreatic ducts of amphibia, reptiles, birds, and mammals
- cuticle often lacks spines
61
DICROCOELIDAE Genera:
Dicrocelium
Platynosomum
Eurytrema
62
Lanceolate, lancet, or small liver fluke
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
63
Prevalent in tropical region
Dicrocoelium hospes
64
D. dendriticum Host:
Sheep, goat, cattle, deer, pig, dog, rarely man
65
I. H. Of D. dendriticum
1st- Snail (Zebrina detrita, Cionella lubrica)
2nd - Ant (Formica sp)
66
Site if D. dendriticum
Bile duct
67
Life Cycle of D. dendriticum
Egg
Snail
Slime balls
Ant
Final host
68
D. dendriticum Treatment
Clorsulon
Albendazole
Triclabendazole
69
"Cat liver fluke" or "lizard poisoning"
Platynosomum fastomum
70
1st I. H. Of Platynosomum fastomum
Snail (Sublima octona)
71
2nd I. H. Of Platynosomum fastomum
Wood louse, sow bug, and isopod crustaceans
72
Paratenuc host of Platynosomum fastomum
Lizard (Anolis cristatelus)
73
Site of Platynosomum fastomum
Liver
Bile
Pancreatic duct
74
Life cycle of Platynosomum fastomum
Egg
Snail
Isopod
Lizard
Cat
75
Found in the pancreatic and ocassionally the bile duct of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat
Eurytrema pancreaticum
76
Pancreatic ducts of cattle and carabaos
Eurytrema escuderoi
77
Perirectal fat of sheep
Eurytrema ovis
78
Pancreatic duct of sheep and cattle
Eurytrema coelomaticum
79
1st I. H. Of E. coelomaticum
Land snails (Bradybaena similaris and Cathaica ravida sieboldtiana)
80
2nd I. H. Of E. coelomaticum
Long horned grasshopper ( Conocephalus maculatus)
Tree cricket (Oecanthus longicaudus)
81
Life cycle of E. coelomaticum
Egg
Snail
Grass
Grasshopper
Cattle
Adult
