Superficial and Deep Back Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Supraspinous Ligament
A
Connects tips of adjacent spinous processes
2
Q
Ligamentum Nuchae
A
Nuchal Ligament, connects tips of spinous processes at cervical levels.
3
Q
Extrinsic Superficial Muscles
A
Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major and Minor
4
Q
Extrinsic Intermediate Muscles
A
Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior
5
Q
Proximal Attachments of Trapezius
A
Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
6
Q
Distal Attachments of Trapezius
A
Clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
7
Q
Actions of Trapezius
A
Elevation, rotation, depression, of scapula; rotation of glenoid fossa superiorly.
8
Q
Innervation of Trapezius
A
Cranial Nerve XI, Spinal Accessory Nerve
9
Q
Blood Supply of Trapezius
A
Transverse Cervical Artery
10
Q
Proximal Attachments of Latissimus Dorsi
A
Spinous processes T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
11
Q
Distal Attachments of Latissimus Dorsi
A
Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
12
Q
Actions of Latissimus Dorsi
A
Extension, adduction, medial/internal rotation of humerus; lifts body toward arm in climbing
13
Q
Levator Scapulae Proximal Attachment
A
Transverse Processes, C1-C4
14
Q
Levator Scapulae Distal Attachments
A
Superior angle of scapula
15
Q
Levator Scapulae Innervation
A
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
16
Q
Levator Scapulae Blood Supply
A
Dorsal Scapular Artery
17
Q
Rhomboid Minor Proximal Attachments
A
Nuchal Ligament, Spinous processes of C7 and T1
18
Q
Rhomboid Major Proximal Attachments
A
Spinous processes of T2-T5
19
Q
Distal attachment of Rhomboid Major
A
Medial border of scapula below spine
20
Q
Distal attachment of Rhomboid Minor
A
Medial border of scapular above spine
21
Q
Action of Serratus Posterior Superior
A
Elevation of Ribs
22
Q
Action of Serratus Posterior Inferior
A
Depression of Ribs
23
Q
Border of Triangle of Auscultation
A
Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Scapula
24
Q
Border of Lumbar Triangle of Petit
A
Latissimus Dorsi, External Obliques, Iliac Crest
25
Spinotransverse Muscles
Splenius Capitus and Splenius Cervicis
26
Action of Spinotransverse muscles
Unilateral produces lateral flexion of neck and rotation of head to side of contraction. Bilateral produces head and neck extension.
27
Erector Spinae Muscles
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
28
Action of Erector Spinae Muscles
Unilateral contraction produces lateral flexion, bilateral contraction produces extension.
29
Transverso-Spinal Muscles
Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotators
30
Semispinalis
Spans 4-6 vertebrae, most developed in cervical, attaches to C2
31
Multifidus
Spans 2-4 vertebrae, most developed in lumbar. Deep to erector spina muscle mass
32
Rotators
Spans 1-2 vertebrae, most developed in thoracic region.
33
Action of semispinalis
extension of vertebral column (semispinalis cervicis) and head (semispinalis captius)
34
Action of Multifidus
Unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side; stabilizes vertebrae
35
Action of Rotators
Extension and rotation of vertebral column
36
Innervation of intrinsic back muscles
Dorsal/Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves
37
Innervation of extrinsic back muscles
Ventral/Anterior rami of Spinal Nerves
38
Borders of suboccipital triangle
rectus capitus posterior major, obliquus captius superior, obliquus capitus inferior.
39
Floor of suboccipital triangle
Formed by posterior arch of C1 and posterior atlanto occipital membrane
40
Vertebral Artery
Contained in suboccipital triangle. Also contains suboccipital nerve
41
What are the 8 wrist bones?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
42
Primary arterial supply of upper limb
Subclavian artery
43
Branch of subclavian artery that supplies muscles of scapula via suprascapular and transverse cervical arteries
Thyrocervical trunk
44
What does the subclavian artery become after crossing the lateral body of the first rib?
Axillary Artery
45
What does the axillary artery become when it crosses the lower border of teres major?
Brachial artery
46
What does the brachial artery give rise to?
Deep brachial artery, superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries
47
What does the brachial artery split into? Where does it split?
Anterior to the elbow the brachial artery becomes the radial and ulnar arteries.
48
What joins the basilic and cephalic veins?
Median cubital vein
49
Innervation of pectoralis major?
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
50
Action of pectoralis major
Adducts medically rotates humerus, flexes humerus
51
Innervation of pectoralis minor
Medial pectoral nerve
52
Action of pectoralis minor
Protracts, depresses, and stabilizes scapula.
53
Innervation of serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve
54
Action of serratus anterior
Protracts scapula, rotates scapula laterally/upward
55
Innervation of subclavius
Nerve to subclavius
56
Action of subclavius
Anchors and depresses clavicle
57
Innervation of deltoid
Axillary nerve
58
Action of deltoid
Flexes and medially rotates arm, abducts arm, extends and laterally rotates arm.
59
Innervation of teres major
Lower subscapular nerve
60
Action of teres major
Adducts and medially rotates arm
61
Innervation of supraspinatus muscle
Suprascapular nerve
62
Action of supraspinatus
Initiates and assists deltoid in arm abduction
63
Innervation of infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
64
Action of infraspinatus
Lateral rotation of arm
65
Innervation of teres minor
Axillary nerve
66
Action of teres minor
Lateral rotation of arm
67
Innervation of subscapularis
Upper and lower scapular nerves
68
Action of subscapularis
Medially rotates and adducts arm
69
Contents of quadrangular space
Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery/vein
70
What composes the pectoral girdle?
Scapula, clavicle, Manubrium
71
What bones are in the antebrachium and what connects them?
Radius and ulna connected by the interosseous membrane
72
What muscles make up the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
73
How many phalanges per hand?
14
74
define intermuscular septum
Fascia surrounds large arms muscles. Septum divides it into anterior and posterior compartments.
75
When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
When it crosses the lateral border of the first rib
76
When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
When it crosses the lower border of teres major
77
What are vena comitantes?
Deep veins that travel alongside an artery in the upper limb. They are named for the artery.
78
Where do superficial veins in the upper limb originate?
The dorsal venous network
79
Where do deep lymphatics terminate?
Humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes
80
Movements of the pectoral girdle
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, lateral rotation, medial rotation
81
Anterior thoraco-appendicular muscles
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius
82
Posterior thoraco-appendicular muscles
Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
83
Proximal attachment of pectoralis major
???
84
What does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?
Pectoralis major and minor
85
What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?
Pectoralis major
86
What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?
The serratus anterior
87
Scapulo-humeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles
Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff
88
What are the borders of the quadrangular space
Inferior: teres major
Superior: teres minor
Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
Medial: long head of triceps brachii
89
Contents of quadrangular space
Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humoral artery/vein
90
What are the 4 regions of the upper limb?
Shoulder (pectoral girdle), arm, forearm, hand
91
What is the medial and lateral intermuscular septae
Part of brachial fascia that extends deep to attach to humerus and compartmentalize the arm.
92
What is the flexor and extensor retinaculum?
A thickened part of antebrachial fascia that is attaches anterior and posteriorly at the wrist
93
What are the two types of innervation that occur in the upper limb?
Segmental innervation by spinal nerves, and multi segmental innervation by peripheral nerves from the brachial plexus.
94
What muscles elevate the pectoral girdle?
Levator scapulae and trapezius
95
What muscles depress the pectoral girdle?
Pectoralis minor and trapezius
96
What muscles protract the pectoral girdle?
Pectoralis minor, serratus anterior
97
What muscles retract the pectoral girdle?
Trapezius, Rhomboid major and minor
98
What muscles laterally rotate the pectoral girdle?
Serratus anterior and trapezius
99
What muscles medially rotate the pectoral girdle?
Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and rhomboid minor
100
Proximal attachments of pectoralis major
Clavicle head, medial clavicle, sternocostal head, sternum, upper costal cartilage
101
Distal attachments of pectoralis major
Lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
102
Proximal attachments of pectoralis minor
Ribs 3-5
103
Distal attachments of pectoralis minor
Coracoid process of scapula
104
Proximal attachments of serratus anterior
Ribs 1-8
105
Distal attachments of serratus anterior
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
106
Proximal attachments of subclavius
Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
107
Distal attachments of subclavius
Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
108
Scapulo-humeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles
Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff (supra, infra, subclav, and t. Minor)
109
Proximal attachments of deltoid
Lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
110
Distal attachments of deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
111
Proximal attachments of teres major
Inferior angle of scapula
112
Distal attachment of teres major
Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
113
Proximal attachments of supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
114
Distal attachment of supraspinatus
Great tubercle of humerus
115
Proximal attachment of infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
116
Distal attachments of infraspinatus
Greater tubercle of humerus
117
Proximal attachments of teres minor
Lateral border of scapula
118
Distal attachment of teres minor
Greater tubercle of humerus
119
Proximal attachment of subscapularis
Subscapular fossa of scapula
120
Distal attachment of subscapularis
Lesser tubercle of humerus
121
What muscle is interested on its superficial surface and by what?
Serratus anterior by the long thoracic nerve
122
What are the lateral rotators of the rotator cuff?
Infraspinatus and teres minor
