Superficial Face

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the obicularis oculi muscle and their functions?

Answer 1

The 3 parts of the Obicularis Oculi muscle

Orbital portion - close the eye tightly

Palpebral portion - close the eye lightly and blinking

Lacrimal portion - very small to non-existent; helps moisten eye by holding the eyelids against the eyeball also helps with proper drainage of tears by squeezing the lacrimal sac

Question 2

What is the function of the obicularis oris?

Answer 2

The Obicularis Oris muscle Surrounds the mouth and functions to close the mouth and pucker/purse the lips (“the kissing muscle”)

Question 3

What are the parts and functions of the Occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 3

Frontal: Functions to elevate brow and wrinkle skin of forehead (surprise).

Occipital: Functions to retract scalp; increase tension on frontalis belly.

Question 4

What are the origin and insertion of the zygomaticus major?

Answer 4

Originates from lateral aspect of zygomatic bone.

Inserts into the corner of the mouth.

Question 5

What is the function of the zygomaticus major?

Answer 5

Functions to draw the corner of the mouth superiorlaterally to smile.

Question 6

Insertion of the buccinator?

Answer 6

Inserts into the angle of the mouth and the orbicularis oris.

Question 7

Function of the buccinator?

Answer 7

Functions to press the cheek against molars; resists distension (when blowing), and keeps the cheek taut (smiling).

Question 8

True or False: The buccinator is on the same plane as the other muscles of facial expression.

Answer 8

False. The buccinator is on a deeper plane than other muscles of facial expression.

Question 9

What is the motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 9

The facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 10

The muscles of facial expression come from which pharyngeal arch?

Answer 10

Arch 2

Question 11

What are the general origin and insertion of the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 11

The numerous muscles of facial expression originate from bones of the facial skeleton and insert onto the skin of the face.

Question 12

What is the sensory innervation of the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 12

The trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 13

Aside from the muscles of facial expression, what additional muscles receive motor innervation from CN VII (Facial).

Answer 13

7 PS - Posterior belly of the digastric and the stylohyoid (and platysma)

Question 14

What results if there is paralysis of the facial nerve near the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 14

Bell’s Palsy

Question 15

What are features of Bell’s Palsy?

Answer 15

Mask-like appearance

Patient is unable to close lips & eyelids on the affected side

Eye on the affected side is unlubricated

Cannot whistle or blow

Cannot chew effectively

Since the buccinator muscle is paralyzed/weak food and saliva dribble out of the mouth

Question 16

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

Answer 16

Ophthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)

Question 17

Is V1 sensory or motor?

Answer 17

V1 is purely sensory.

Question 18

What is the route of V1?

Answer 18

V1 passes through the cavernous sinus and exits the skull by way of the Superior Orbital Fissure.

Question 19

What are functions of the cutaneous terminal branches of V1?

Answer 19

“LaSSIE” from lateral to medial:

Lacrimal - sensory innervation of structures superior to the lateral canthus of the eye

Supraorbital – sensory innervation of structures superior to the orbit/top of the head

Supratrochlear – sensory innervation of structures superior to the medial canthus of the eye

Infratrochlear – sensory innervation of structures the region of the medial canthus

External nasal - sensory innervation of structures anterior and lateral aspect of the external nose

Question 20

Is V2 (maxillary division of CN V) sensory or motor, and to what regions of the face?

Answer 20

Maxillary Division (V2) is Purely sensory to the zygomatics of the face, infraorbit, and the alveolars.

Question 21

What is the route of V2?

Answer 21

Passes through cavernous sinus and leaves skull via Foramen Rotundum

Question 22

What nerve innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 22

The parotid gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 23

What cranial nerve runs through the parotid gland?

Answer 23

The facial nerve runs through the parotid gland

Question 24

What is the function and location of Stevenson’s duct?

Answer 24

The parotid salivary gland secretes serous fluid via Stenson’s duct, which pierces the buccinator muscle, and enters the oral cavity adjacent to the upper 2nd molar.

Question 25

What arteries supply the face?

Answer 25

Superficial Temporal Artery and its branch, the transverse facial artery

Facial Artery and its branches

Question 26

What arteries of the face come from the internal common carotid?

Answer 26

The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries, which anastomose.

Question 27

What is the largest and most important vein draining the face.

Answer 27

The facial vein is the largest and most important vein draining the face.

Question 28

Which artery is the major blood supply to the scalp?

Answer 28

External common carotid

Question 29

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 29

The 5 layers of the S.C.A.L.P (outer to inner)
1. Skin
2. Connective Tissue
3. Aponeurosis - frontalis, occipital muscle, and connective tissue
4. Loose connective tissue
Pericranium/Periosteum

Question 30

What causes Periorbital Ecchymosis?

Answer 30

Black eye is caused by a laceration to the scalp.

Question 31

Which external carotid branches supply the scalp?

Answer 31

Occipital arteries
Posterior auricular arteries
Superficial Temporal Arteries

Question 32

What branches of CN VII nerves supply the face?

Answer 32

CN VII exits onto the face via the stylomastoid formen and branches into:

Temporal  (Ten)
Zygomatic  (Zebras)
Buccal  (Bashed)
Marginal/Mandibular  (My)
Cervical  (Car)