Superficial Face + Skull Interior Flashcards by Emily Zaniker

What is E?

Mentalis

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What is K?

Mental cutaneous branch

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What is B?

Levator anguli oris

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Bleeding from a fracture to the side of the skull is potentially the most serious in which location?

a) just under the skin
b) within the fractured bone
c) between the bone and dura mater
d) between the dura and arachnoid
e) between the arachnoid and pia

c) between the bone and dura mater

this is epidural bleeding which is higher pressure due to the arterial blood from middle meningeal artery

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What is the galea aponeurotica?

A long, flat tendon that attaches the frontalis muscle to the occipitalis muscle

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What is the general pathway of the facial nerve/branches in the face?

It exits the stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone and enters by the parotid gland. Branches fan out from the parotid gland

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What is I?

Infraorbital cutaneous branch

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What is F?

Depressor labii inferioris

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What embryonic primordia are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve related to?

V1 (ophthalmic) = frontonasal process

V2 (maxillary) = maxillary part of first pharyngeal arch

V3 (mandibular) = mandibular part of first pharyngeal arch

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What is the source of epidural bleeding?

Arterial - usually from middle meningeal artery

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What is G?

Depressor anguli oris

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Where is the subarachnoid space?

Between 12 and 13 (unlabeled)

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Which of the following is located within the cavernous sinus?

a) optic nerve
b) internal jugular vein
c) mandibular nerve
d) internal carotid artery
e) superior ophthalmic vein

d) internal carotid artery

a is within optic canal*
b is within jugular canal*
c is only division of trigeminal nerve that does not pass through the cavernous sinus*
e contains blood from the orbit that drains into the cavernous sinus*

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What is the orbital septum?

A dense connective tissue wall that acts as a protective barrier from infections

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What muscle can stretch out from the chronic pressure of playing a wind instrument?

a) platysma
b) orbicularis oris
c) zygomaticus major
d) buccinator
e) masseter

d) buccinator
* buccinator = lateral wall of oral cavity*
* platysma = depresses lower lip/pulls on skin of neck*
* orbicularis oris = purses lip*
* zygomaticus major = smile*
* masseter = elevates mandible*

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Blood from the straight sinus passes next into what structure?

a) transverse sinus
b) superior sagittal sinus
c) sigmoid sinus
d) jugular bulb
e) inferior sagittal sinus

a) transverse sinus

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What is the usual source of subdural bleeding?

Usually venous (except arterial bleeding in the subarachnoid space from ruptured arteries near the surface of the brain)

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What are the five named facial nerve branches?

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical

named only based on location, not as individual nerves

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Which branch of the trigeminal nerve also acts as a motor nerve? To which muscles?

V3 - mandibular division

Acts as a motor to the muscles of mastication (temporalis muscle, masseter, peterygoids)

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The “danger space” in the scalp is immediately below the

a) epidermis
b) dermis
c) subcutaneous fascia
d) galea aponeurotica
e) periosteum

d) galea aponeurotica

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What is the structure of the dura mater in the skull?

It has an inner meningeal component and an outer periosteal component (functions as cranial bone periosteum and is firmly attached)

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What is 16?

White matter of cerebral cortex

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What is 8?

Emissary vein from scalp to dural sinus

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What is I?

Zygomaticus (with minor and major divisions)

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What is 15?

Falx cerebri formed from meningeal layers of dura

What is 6?

Nasal cavity (inferior meatus)

What is the "danger space"?

The whispy loose areolar connective tissue where infection or blood can spread widely in the case of injury

What is 7?

Superior sagittal venous sinus

To test for a tender lacrimal gland, where would you gently press on a patient? a) medial side of the upper eyelid b) lateral side of the upper eyelid c) all along the edge of the eyelids d) medial side of the lower eyelid e) lateral side of the lower eyelid

b) lateral side of the upper eyelid ## Footnote *the lacrimal gland is in the upper lateral aspect of the orbit*

Where do veins from the brain traverse?

They traverse the subarachnoid space

What is the venous flow from blood in the orbit?

Blood in orbit --\> cavernous sinus --\> superior and inferior petrosal sinuses --\> sigmoid sinuses --\> internal jugular veins

What is the function of the parotid gland/duct?

It produces and empties saliva into the oral cavity

What is 1?

Lacrimal gland

What is C?

Orbicularis oris

Where does venous blood from the dural sinuses converge?

Internal jugular vein

What is C?

Lacrimal cutaneous branch

What is B?

Supratrochlear cutaneous branch

What is J?

Buccal cutaneous branch

What is 5?

Bony impression for arachnoid granulation

Where does nerve I pierce the dura mater?

Anterior cranial fossa

What is 4?

Diploe (spongy bone of neurocranium)

What is 5?

Nasolacrimal duct

What is 9?

Scalp vein

What is L?

Frontalis

What is F?

Auriculotemporal cutaneous branch

What is 3?

Lacrimal canaliculus

If a patient has swelling/infection of the parotid gland, what symptom might you expect to see other than decrease in salivation? a) loss of sensation on the midface b) dilation of facial vein branches c) weakness in biting d) pain in the midface e) diminished facial expression

e) diminished facial expression ## Footnote * facial nerve and origins of its branches are close to the gland and could be compressed (this nerve controls facial movements/expressions)* * a/d would be due to maxillary branch of trigeminal, not close to the parotid gland* * b is wrong because facial vein does not pass through parotid gland* * c is innervated by the mandibular nerve, not close to parotid gland*

What is 14?

Vein from brain to superior sagittal sinus

What is the main sensory nerve to the face?

Trigeminal nerve (V)

What is 11?

Dura mater against bone

What is the main motor nerve to the muscles of facial expression?

Facial nerve (VII)

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Ophthalmic (V1), Maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3)

What are dural sinuses?

Channels with venous blood between the two dural components that drain blood from the scalp via emissary veins

What is G?

Zygomaticotemporal cutaneous branch

What is H?

Platysma

What are the layers of the scalp?

SCALP S = **S**kin C = sub**C**utaneous fascia A = galea **A**poneurotica L = **L**oose areolar connective tissue P = **P**eriosteum

What is the pathway of the lacrimal fluid (tears) in the orbit?

Lacrimal gland secretes tears onto surface of eye (spread by medial pull of palpebral part of orbicularis oculi) --\> collects through lacrimul punctum in the lacrimal papilla on the margin of eyelid --\> lacrimal canaliculi --\> lacrimal sac --\> nasolacrimal duct --\> nasal cavity

What is D?

Infratrochlear cutaneous branch

Which of the following nerves pierces the dura mater and travels a distance before it traverses a bony passage? a) hypoglossal b) abducens c) vagus d) facial e) glossopharyngeal

b) abducens ## Footnote *it pierces in the posterior cranial fossa, but enters the superior orbital fissure in the middle cranial fossa*

What is A?