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Equine Superficial Muscles > Superficial Muscles - Module #1 > Flashcards

Superficial Muscles - Module #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the origins for the Brachiocephalic Muscle?

A

Skull and 1-4 cervical vertebrae

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2
Q

Where does the Brachiocephalic muscle insert?

A

Just below the shoulder on the humerus

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3
Q

What is the action of the Brachiocephalic muscle?

A

Pull the leg forward
Lower the neck and head
When leg is planted, it will flex head and neck laterally

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4
Q

What are some troubles for the Brachiocephalic muscle?

A

Very sensitive with neck issues
May have issues bending neck if one side is tighter
Horse may be off on affected side in the leg.

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5
Q

What are the three heads of the Brachial Triceps?

A

Medial head
Lateral head
Long head

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6
Q

Where does the long head of the tricep originate?

A

Originates at back of scapula

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7
Q

Where does the lateral head originate?

A

On humerus below point of shoulder

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8
Q

Where do both tricep heads insert?

A

Just below the elbow joint

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9
Q

What are the actions of the triceps?

A

Push the front of the body forward
Flexes the shoulder and extends the elbow
When it action it will propel the body forward

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10
Q

What are some troubles with the triceps?

A

If saddle is too tight in the front they may get pinched
Work extra hard at a trot
If front legs slip may sustain injury

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11
Q

What two parts make up the Trapezius muscle?

A

Cervical and thoracic

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12
Q

Where does cervical trapezius muscle originate?

A

Attachments to ligaments at the top of the neck beginning at C2- T3

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13
Q

Where does the thoracic trapezius muscle originate?

A

Continues from T3 to T10 just behind the withers.

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14
Q

Where do both Trapezius muscles insert?

A

The spine of the scapula

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15
Q

What are actions of the trapezius?

A

Elevates the shoulder
Lifts scapula
Slides scapula forward and backward

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16
Q

What are some troubles with the trapezius?

A

Poor fitting saddles
May be sensitive when there is a lower limb issue

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17
Q

Where does the Latissimus Dorsi originate?

A

From ligaments and fascia near the spine of the thorax at the top of the withers all the way down to the Lumbar region.

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18
Q

Where does the Latissimus Dorsi insert?

A

On the humerus below the shoulder

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19
Q

What are the actions of the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Will pull the attached limb back toward the trunk.
If leg is planted it pushes the body forward

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20
Q

What are some troubles with the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Bad saddle fit
Affected by sports that require a lot of pulling or reaching at a trot or lope
When muscle is sore horse may not want to extend leg on effected side forward

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21
Q

What are the two parts of the Serratus Ventralis?

A

Cervical and thoracic

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22
Q

Serratus muscle is part of what that supports the front end of the body?

A

Thoracic sling

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23
Q

Where does the cervical Serratus originate?

A

At C4-C7

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24
Q

Where does the cervical Serratus insert?

A

Scapular cartilage

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25
Q

Where does the thoracic serratus originate?

A

Attaching to the first 8-9 ribs

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26
Q

Where does the thoracic serratus insert?

A

Scapular cartilage

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27
Q

What are some actions of both serratus muscles?

A

Support most of the weight of the trunk acting like a sling.

28
Q

What are some actions of the cervical serratus?

A

Pulls upper scapula forward and upward
When leg is planted it will raise the neck

29
Q

What are some actions of the thoracic serratus?

A

When leg is planted it supports the trunk.
When in action it pulls the scapula down and back

30
Q

What are some troubles associated with the cervical serratus?

A

Can be affected by over collecting
Can become fatigued by excess exercise
Bad saddle fit
May have uneven gate in the front end

31
Q

What are some troubles associated with the thoracic serratus?

A

Can cause horse to become girthy
If one side is damaged, saddle may slip to that side
May cause stiffness through the ribs

32
Q

Pectoral muscles are made up of what parts?

A

Descending and ascending

33
Q

Where does the descending pectoral originate?

A

At the manubrim in the sternum

34
Q

Where does the descending pectoral insert?

A

Between legs on the humerus

35
Q

Where does the ascending pectoral originate?

A

Along the sternum at the Xyhoid process

36
Q

Where does the ascending pectoral insert?

A

On the humerus below the shoulder joint

37
Q

Where does the ascending pectoral insert?

A

Humerus below the shoulder

38
Q

What are some actions of both the pectoral muscles?

A

Important core muscles contributing to the thoracic sling

39
Q

What are some actions of the descending pectoral?

A

Pull the foreleg forward and inward

40
Q

What are some actions of the ascending pectoral?

A

Pull the forelimb toward the body and inward

41
Q

What are some troubles associated with the pectoral muscles?

A

Can be sensitive
Can become very fatigued if over used
Any sternum issues may appear in pectorals

42
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle originate?

A

Along the spine of the scapula, and lies on the caudial portion of spine

43
Q

Where does the deltoid insert?

A

On the humerus

44
Q

What are some actions of the deltoid?

A

Flex the shoulder and rotate the leg outwardly
Pull the leg away from the body

45
Q

What are some troubles associated with the deltoid?

A

If right or sore, may have issues crossing over in the front end towards the center of the body
May have issues extending the shoulder

46
Q

Where does the Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata originate?

A

On the front of the ilium

47
Q

What does the muscle blend with that is a large mass?

A

Fascia lata

48
Q

Where does the tensor muscle insert?

A

At the patella and just below the patella on the tibia

49
Q

What are some actions of the tensor muscle?

A

Tenses the fascia latta.
Also flex the hip and extend the stifle

50
Q

What are some troubles associated with the tensor muscle?

A

May appear as stifle issues
If tight or sore may have issues crossing over in the hind end
Horse May track wide with the back leg
Can be very sensitive when tight

51
Q

How many muscles make up the superficial gluteal?

A

4 all together

52
Q

What two superficial gluteal muscles will be focus on for now?

A

Superficial and deep

53
Q

What gluteal muscle (out of the 2) are connected to large mass of gluteal fascia

A

Superficial gluteal

54
Q

Where does the superficial gluteal originate?

A

At the gluteal fascia as well as the ilium

55
Q

Where does the superficial gluteal insert?

A

At the hip joint on the head of the femur

56
Q

What are some actions of the superficial gluteal?

A

Flexes the hip
Pulls hind limb outward away from center

57
Q

What are some troubles associated with the superficial gluteal?

A

When tight horse may have troubles crossing over in hind end

58
Q

What are the three hamstring muscles?

A

Semitendonosis
Semimembranosis
Femoral Bicep

59
Q

Out of the three hamstring muscles, what two are superficial?

A

Femoral bicep & semitendonosis

60
Q

Where does the semitendonosis muscle originate?

A

Last two sacral vertebrae & 1st two of tail vertebrae
As well as the sacrosiatic ligament and the ishial tuberosity

61
Q

Where does the semitendonosis muscle insert?

A

Just below and behind the stifle on the back of the hind leg
It will combine with two other hamstring muscles and two other muscles to form the Achilles tendon.

62
Q

What are some actions of the semitendonosis muscle?

A

If limb is planted it will extend the hip and hock.
When in action it will flex the stifle

63
Q

What are some troubles associated with the semitendonosis muscle?

A

May see short stride on limb if sore
Muscle tears can happen if muscle is tight and horse takes a slip

64
Q

Where does the femoral bicep originate?

A

Last 3 sacral vertebrae
Sacrosiatic ligament
Tail fascia
Ishial tuberosity

65
Q

Where does the femoral bicep insert?

A

At the patella and tibia
Will eventually join and form the Achilles tendon which inserts at the hock

66
Q

What are some actions of the femoral bicep?

A

Retract hindleg
Abduct leg
Flex stifle

67
Q

What are some troubles associated with the femoral bicep?

A

When sore it will seem like horse is stiff in hind end
May have trouble with hind leg collection and pushing off in a speed event

Equine Superficial Muscles (2 decks)

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