Superficial Thermotherapy Flashcards Preview

Therapeutic Modalities > Superficial Thermotherapy > Flashcards

Flashcards in Superficial Thermotherapy Deck (68)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

List the modes of Heat transfer.

A
  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Conversion
  4. Evaporation
  5. Radiation
2
Q

What is the concept of conduction? Give an example.

A

Gain or loss of heat from direct contact b/t two materials at different temperatures

Heat conducted from a material of higher temp to a material of lower temp

Heat transfers continues until both materials are equal

Ie.—ice pack/hot pack/ paraffin

3
Q

True or false: heat transfers more quickly with materials with a high thermal conductivity (water, metal)

A

True

4
Q

True or false: the greater the difference between a heating or cooling agent and the body part it is applied to, the faster the rate of het transfer

A

True

5
Q

How many layers of towels should be placed between hotpack and patient’s skin

A

6-8+ layers to reduce the rate of heat conduction

6
Q

True or false: Patients are allowed to keep jewelry on when using heating/cooling agent

A

False; Metal has high specific heat which means heat conducts to it quicker

7
Q

What is meant by convection? Give an example.

A

Gain/loss of heat resulting from air or water moving in a constant motion across body

I.e. Whirlpools; fluidotherapy; blood circulating in body

8
Q

Concept of convection.

A

New parts of the agent are constantly coming in contact w/ target area at initial temperature thus body gets heated quicker

More heat in the same period time than heat transfer by conduction

9
Q

Which mode of heat transfer quicker convection or conduction

A

Convection (thus requires less amount of time)

10
Q

True or false: the risk of thermal injury is increased when circulation is impaired

A

True: circulation moves heated blood out of area and cooler blood is replaced in area

Vasodilation that occurs in response to heat protects the tissues by reading the risk of burning

11
Q

Explain conversion. Give an example

A

Heating that occurs when nothermal energy is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat

I.e. US, diathermy

12
Q

Concept of Conversion

A

Heat transfer from nonthermal source that vibrates molecules within tissue creating heat

13
Q

True or false: heating by conversion is not affected by the temperature of the thermal agent (unlike convection/conduction) but rate of transfer depends on the power of energy source

A

True

14
Q

How is the power of US and diathermy measure in?

A

Watts, which refers to the amount of energy in Joules/sec

15
Q

True or false: Conversion agents don’t require direct contact but do require an intervening material (gel)

A

true

16
Q

Describe evaporation.

A

material must absorb energy to evaporat and thus change from liquid to gas/vapor

I.e. Vapocoolant spray

17
Q

Describe radiation. Give an example

A

Transfer of energy from one material to another without the need for direct contact or intervening medium

I.e. laser, UV

18
Q

List the Physiological defects of general heat application that are increased.

A
  1. CO
  2. Metabolic rate
  3. Pulse rate
  4. RR
  5. Vasodilation
19
Q

List the Physiological defects of general heat application that are decreased.

A
  1. BP
  2. Muscle activity (sedentary effect)
  3. Blood to internal organ
  4. Blood flow to resting muscle
  5. SV
20
Q

List Contraindications for Superficial Thermotherapy.

A
  1. Acute/early subacute traumatic and inflammatory conditions
  2. Decreased circulation
  3. General contraindications
  4. Tendency toward hemorrhage or edema
  5. Very young and very old patients
21
Q

Therapeutic effects of cryotherapy

A
  1. Decrease blood flow
  2. Decrease edema
  3. Decreased local temperature
  4. Decreased metabolic rate
  5. Decreased nerved conduction velocity
  6. Decreased tone
  7. Increased pain threshold
22
Q

Contraindications for Cryotherapy

A
  1. Cold intolerance
  2. Cold urticaria
  3. Cryoglobulinemia
  4. Infection
  5. Over area of comprised circulation
  6. Over regenerating peripheral nerves
  7. Paroxysmal cold/hemoglobinuria
  8. PVD
  9. Raynauds
  10. Skin anesthesia
23
Q

Indications for Cryotherapy

A
  1. Abnormal tone
  2. Acute or chronic pain
  3. Acute or subacute inflammation
  4. Bursitis
  5. Muscle spasm
  6. MS trauma
  7. Tendonitis
  8. Tenosynovitis
  9. Myofascial trigger points
24
Q

List Physiological effects of general cold application that decrease

A
  1. Metabolic rate
  2. Pulse Rate
  3. RR
  4. Venous BP
25
Q

List Physiological effects of general cold application that increase

A
  1. Blood flow to internal organs
  2. CO
  3. SV
  4. Arterial BP

Shivering occurs when core temperature drops

26
Q

Which body structure exhibits greater temperature change with cold agents

A

Skin temperature falls rapidly

Then subcutaneous fat, followed by muscles

27
Q

Describe hunting effect?

A

Vasodilation after >15 minutes of cryotherapy (which initially causes vasoconstriction) at temps <35F

28
Q

What is temperature are packs maintained at in the refrigerated unit?

A

0-10F or 25 F (SB)

29
Q

How long should cold packs/ice packs be applied?

A

10-20 minutes

If for inflammation; no loner than 20 minutes 1 hr apart

30
Q

What is the physiological stages that will be felt by patient when performing ice massage

A
  1. Cold
  2. Burn
  3. Ache
  4. Analgesia
  5. Numbness
31
Q

Which Cryotherapy modality can be used to stimulate or facilitate a desired motor response in patients with impaired motor control ?

A

Ice massage

Apply to muscle belly for 3-5 sec or stroke to enhance contraction

32
Q

How long should ice massages be performed?

A

5-10 minutes or until analgesia occurs

33
Q

Apply ice massage to area no larger than ____ x _____ inches in slow (___inches/sec) overlapping circles

A

4x6 inches; (2inches/sec)

34
Q

Describe cryokinetics.

A

Applying ice for 20 minutes or until analgesia, exercising 3-5 mins or until sensation returns and then reapplying ice until analgesia is reached again

Repeated 5x

35
Q

What is cryostretch?

A

Apply cooling agent prior to stretching

Usually used to reduce spasm

36
Q

True or false: applying cold pack after hot pack is more effecting improving PROM

A

True

37
Q

Big advantage of controlled cold compression?

A

More effective for controlling inflammation due to simultaneous cold and compression

38
Q

Temperature ranges for ___ to ____ degrees for controlled cold compression

A

55-70 F degrees

39
Q

Cold bath?

A

Immersion of distal extremities

Allows for circumferential contact

40
Q

What degree should a cold bath be?

A

55-64 F degrees

50-59 F

Compression 5-75 mm Hg

41
Q

How long should the extremities be immersed in cold bath?

A

15-20 minutes

42
Q

What is cryo cuff?

A

Circulates cold water and combines compression

Consisted of nylon sleeve

43
Q

The gallon container should be elevated how high to drain into the sleeve.

A

15-18 inches above

44
Q

What cryotherapy modality is used for trigger points/tight muscles

A

Vapocoolant Spray

45
Q

What temperature is vapocoolant spray?

A

32-79 F

46
Q

How long should treatment last when using vapoocoolant

A

20 minutes

47
Q

During contrasts bath, what temperature should the baths be?

A

Hot Bath: 100-111 F for 4 minutes transfer to cold for 1 minute

Cold Bath: 55-65 F degrees

End with warm water

48
Q

How long should the treatment time be for contrast bath?

A

20-30 minutes

49
Q

True or False: Superficial agents only heat the superficial muscles (only penetrates 2cm); Therefore to reach the deeper muscles use exercise or Diathermy/US

A

True

50
Q

Hot packs should be emerged in what temperature water?

A

165-170 F

51
Q

When does the hot pack reach peak heat?

A

Wishing 5 minutes

52
Q

When is the patient at the greatest risk for burns?

A

Within the first 5 minutes

53
Q

When should the therapist check the skin?

A

Within the first 5 minutes and periodically after especially if patient is lying on the hot pack

54
Q

How long should the hot pack be applied?

A

20-30 minutes

55
Q

What is the paraffin wax and mineral oil mixture ratio?

A

6:1 or 7:1

56
Q

At what temperature does the paraffin/mineral oil melts and when are temperatures considered sterilizing?

A

Melts 118-130F *immerse

Sterilizing 175-180F

57
Q

Where is paraffin primarily applied?

A

Wrist, hand, foot

58
Q

Describe the dip-wrap method (for wrist and hand) is known as ?

A

Glove method

Dip 6-10 times
Then wrap in a plastic bag

59
Q

how long should the paraffin remain in place

A

10-15 mins

60
Q

Describe the dip immersion method

A

Dip and leave in paraffin for 20 minutes

61
Q

Describe the paint application method for paraffin

A

Paint paraffin onto area with brush; repeat 6-10 x

62
Q

Tepid/nonthermal temperature for hydrotherapy

A

79-92F (26-33.3C)

Temperature for exercise in water

63
Q

Neutral water temperature for hydrotherapy

A

92-96F (33.3C-35.5C)

Temperature for open wounds

64
Q

Thermal temperature for hydrotherapy

A

96-104F (35.5-40C)
Causes stress on CP and nervous system

Lower ranges increase tissue mobility

65
Q

Treatment time for hydrotherapy

A

20 minutes

66
Q

When is hydrotherapy indicated

A

Subacute to chronic MS conditions

67
Q

What are contraindications for full-immersion in hydrotherapy.

A
  1. Unstable cardiac disorder
  2. Bowel incontinence
  3. Severe epilepsy
  4. Suicidal
  5. Potential for cross contamination
68
Q

Cryotherapy or thermotherapy has an effect on spasticity?

A

Cryotherapy