Superpowers Flashcards
(28 cards)
Bipolar World
Two superpowers exist, each with opposing ideologies
Capitalism
The belief that individuals may gain wealth and status through business ventures, the hours they work and their skills
The Cold War
Tensions between the USA and USSR from 1950 to the 1990s due to their conflicting ideologies and competition to become a unipolar superpower
Colonialism
The act of gaining control, building an empire and exerting influence over other countries
Communism
The belief that everyone in a population should be equal financially, the poverty they own and politically
Democracy
A political system where every member of the population has an equal vote
Dictatorship
One individual controls a country, rather than an elected government
Economic Alliances
Trade blocs that promote trade between members, offer each other financial assistance and loads and allow the migration of workers between states
Emerging States
Countries that have quickly gained influence, developed and have notable culture. Emerging states may become superpowers in the future
Empire
A collection of countries, ruled over or influences by a single government
Environmental Alliances
Groups of countries that discuss and pledge to reduce greenhouse emissions and protect the natural environment
Frank’s Dependency Model
Describes neo-colonialism and how a country can gain control over a neo-colony through exploitation and economic dependency
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
The investment of money, infrastructure or assets by a foreign government or business
Hard Power
Exerting a country’s influence over another through the use of economic or military intervention
Human Resources
The available workforce and skills of the population, which can contribute to a country’s status
Ideology
Beliefs and values that are shared within a population
Imperial Era
The period of 18th and 19th century when European states created empires, using hard power to rule over America, Africa and Asia
Intellectual Property
The ownership of ideas and designs, such as patents and copyrights
Mackinder’s Heartland Theory
Whoever controls the heartland (Russia, Eastern Europe and part of South Asia) controls the majority of physical and human resources, and so will be a leading superpower
Military Alliance
A group of states that share weapons & intelligence, offer military assistance and international affairs such as terror attacks, national security etc
Multi-Polar World
There are several superpowers, each with a characteristic strength, competing for global influence and status
Physical Resources
The natural assets such as fossil fuels, minerals or crops that can be sold for profit or political gain
Rostow’s Modernisation Theory
The development of a country takes five stages of growth; traditional society, pre-conditions for take off, take off, drive to maturity and mass consumption
Sanctions
Restrictions put into place against a country who breaks international law or agreements
