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Superpowers Flashcards

1
Q

Superpower?

A

A nation which has the ability to project its influence around the world

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2
Q

What are the 4 ways a superpower can have its power?

A

Economic
Military
Political and ideology
Cultural

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3
Q

Economic power?

A

Control trade, strong military, own debt

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4
Q

Military power?

A

Threaten to invade, achieve geopolitical goals

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5
Q

Political power?

A

Match political systems, influence

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6
Q

Cultural power?

A

Westernisation, align ideology

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7
Q

What are examples of physical resources?

A

Oil and gas

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8
Q

Hard power?

A

Milirary, owning debt

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9
Q

Soft power?

A

Culture and trade alliances

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10
Q

What is Mackinder’s geo-strategic location theory?

A

Classified a region of Eurasia as “heartland”, a geostrategic location (control of human and physical resources)
Contributed to policies of containment
Shrinking world= reduced importiance

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11
Q

Wallerstein’s World systems theory?

A 
All about inequality and wealth 
Core exploit (colonialism) the semi-pheripery and pehripary
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12
Q

Rostow’s modernisation theory?

A

5 stages of development:
Traditional society, Pre cond for take off, take of, drive to maturity and high mass consumption
Only considers American and European countries, advancement and isolated countries

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13
Q

Feature of a traditional society in terms of modernisation theory

A

Primary industry, limited tech and knowledge

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14
Q

Feature of Pre conditions for take off in terms of modernisation theory

A

Increase in demand, infrastructure improvement= FDI

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15
Q

Feature of a take off in terms of modernisation theory

A

Rapid industrialisation, environmental degradion

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16
Q

Feature of a drive to maturity in terms of modernisation theory

A

Economy encourages investment= jobs and opportunity

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17
Q

Feature of a high mass consumption in terms of modernisation theory

A

Developed countrys but only con

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18
Q

Unipolar?

A

One country dominates

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19
Q

Bipolar?

A

Two superpowers, opposing ideologies

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20
Q

Mulitpolar?

A

Several powers competing

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21
Q

A nations power is not…

A

fixec

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22
Q

In terms of power, what is the world currently?

A

Unipolar world

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23
Q

What type of power did the british empire impose?

A

Hard power

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24
Q

In terms of power, what did the world used to be?

A

Unipolar

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25
What quarter of the worlds land did the british empire have control of?
1/4
26
What are the major positives that came from colonialization?
Railway lines, the spread of English language, education
27
What were the major cons that stemmed from colonialization?
No governments and discriminating policies= conflict, neo-colony theory.
28
Colonialism?
Control by one power over a dependent area or people.
29
Why did many empires collapse after 20th cent?
Bankrupt, more focused on rebuilding homes (war) and anti-colonial movements gained popularity
30
What was neo-colonialism first described as?
The dependence of former colonies on other countries, exploited colonies
31
What is neo-colonialism now described as?
The exploitive relationship between more powerful countries taking advantage of the less developed eg IMF and world bank offering out loans to less developed economies when they know they cannot repay them
32
Neo-colony?
A controlled/dominted colony by another
33
Neo-colonial power?
The continuing dependence of former colonies on other countries (links to dependency model)
34
Cold war?
A series of proxy wars where there was limited fighting | 1945-90, geopolitical tension between USA (Capatlist) and USSR (communist)
35
What did the USSR do during the cold war?
Formed a warship pact with its allies, installed communist govs in Europe that acted as a "shield"
36
What did the USA do during the cold war?
Created NATO (allies), invested in countries (eg japan etc) to protect them from communism, space race competition
37
Communism key features?
Gov owns land, wages and supply of goods
38
Capitalism key features?
Private business ownership (including wages), free trade
39
What are the main features of a growing economy?
Rapid growth Free market Large projected growth
40
What are the two main examples of trade blocs?
BRICS | G20
41
Who are the BRICS?
``` Brazil Russia India China South Africa ```
42
Who are the G20?
``` EU Turkey Indonesia South korea Mexico ```
43
In terms of the G20, how much do they account for of the worlds trade?
85%
44
How much does brazil account for Americas GDP?
50%
45
In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils economy like?
Large water reserves Self sufficient Energy and food secure Boom and bust economy phases
46
In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils political climate like?
Unstable and corrupt | President impeached
47
In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils demographics like?
210million people Young Low fertility
48
In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils military like?
Insignificant | Small regional role
49
In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils cultural influence like?
Footballing nation: Olympics and FIFA world cup
50
In terms of the BRICS, what is Brazils environment like?
Deforestation and high pollution levels
51
In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas economy like?
``` Player in global investment Develops economies Modernised infrastructure eg high speed rail Not very innovative, copies Rising wages ```
52
In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas political climate like?
Limited international relations | Tense relationship with south east asian nations
53
In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas military like?
Largest army Nuclear weapons Dated army
54
In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas demographics like?
Large population that is degrading= economic collapse Vast labour pool Little inward migration= limited skills attraction Social and healthcare prices rise
55
In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas cultural influence like?
Limited BUT invest and develop nations
56
In terms of the BRICS, what is Chinas environment like?
Largest co2 emitter, rivers polluted, Amazon is being cut down to export here
57
How much does China account for the USAs GDP?
10%
58
In terms of the BRICS, what is political climate like?
G20 AND UN Largest democracy Poor geopolitical relations
59
In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias military like?
4th largest | Nuclear weapons
60
In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias demographics like?
Large pool of labour Young population Outward migration= braindrain
61
In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias cultural influence like?
Food | Bollywood
62
In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias environment like?
3rd largest emitter of CO2 | Large slums
63
In terms of the BRICS, what is Indias economy like?
Use of English= attract FDI Poor infrastructure Lots of debt Unequal society
64
In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias economy like?
9th largest Large oil and gas reserves EU sanctions Unequal emerging nation
65
In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias political influence like?
U security council | Strained EU relation
66
In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias military like?
Nuclear weapons Large Damaged relations with other countrys
67
In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias demographics like?
Ageing Low birth rates Isolated communities= lack of development
68
In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias cultural influence like?
Little but expanding
69
In terms of the BRICS, what is Russias environment like?
Ecologically stressed due to human degrading
70
What are 4 ways in which superpower status could change?
Stability (wars and alliances) Resources (higher demand= shortages, high price and conflict) Military (new arms race) Economy (world more dependent on Asias health than in the west)
71
What does the world bank and IMF do?
Provide loans to aid development
72
Why has the world bank and IMF been criticised?
Unethical behaviour: providing loans to countries they know are unable to pay back and in turn they open up their markets and privatise their companies
73
What does the world trade organisation do?
Ensures free global trade, equality and reduces protectionism measures
74
Why has the world trade organisation been criticised?
Failed to stop developing nations from protecting their economy (eg from subsidies etc)
75
What does the world economic forum do?
Promotes public-private co-operation
76
Why has the world economic forum been criticised?
Costs £19 000 to attend so developing nations are underrepresented
77
What are two main examples of TNCs and western influence across the globe?
Mcdonalds and coca cola
78
Who owns publically traded TNCS?
Various share holders
79
Who owns state owned TNCs?
Owned by governments
80
What 6 factors have allowed TNCs to become more influential than IGOs?
``` Economies of scale Ability to borrow money New technology Move towards capitalism = opportunity Global culture Ownership of innovation ```
81
Who has dominated global media?
America and Europe (Westernisation)
82
Westernisation?
whereby societies come under or adopt Western culture in areas such as industry, technology, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms
83
What are three intellectual property laws that TNCs protect new inventions?
Patents Copyright Trademarks
84
Patents?
For technologies and systems
85
Copyright?
For films and books
86
Trademarks?
For designs like logos

Geography- human (7 decks)

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