Superpowers quiz Flashcards
(49 cards)
What 3 characteristics do all global superpowers have?
- strong military
- economic power (stable economy/wealth)
- strong political values
- large landmass
Define hard power
Hard power is a coercive approach to international political relations: military and economic power as influence
Give 2 examples of hard power
- North Korea nuclear bomb testing into sea
- China placing military near border against India
- Economic sanctions (US trade embargos on Cuba, Iraq and Iran)
- Russian military intervention in Ukraine votes
Define soft power
Soft power is a persuasive approach to international political relations involving a nations culture, historical and diplomatic influence
Give 2 examples of soft power
- westernisation, McDonaldization (Hollywood)
- Neocolonialism (China in Kenya)
- aid and other types
Give one piece of evidence that MacKinder’s theory is still relevant today
- US military bases around mainland europe (heartland) e.g. Afghanistan
Give one piece of evidence that shows that mackinder’s theory is not relevant today
- USA is a superpower and has minimal influence in the heartland
- Not one nation or power has controlled all 3 areas (heartland, rimland and pivot area) so it cannot be proven
What is bi-polar polarity?
When 2 supreme superpowers have dominant control in the world.
Which continent dominated during the multipolar era?
Europe
Define the word ‘hegemony’
Social, cultural ideological or economic influence exerted by a dominant group which has authority over others (more cultural pre-dominance with geopolitics)
Define the word ‘neo-colonialism’ and give examples of it
- Soft power where a dominant country takes control of a less developed country without them knowing e.g. China in Kenya
1) India into Ethiopia
2) China into Kenya
The G20 have what in common?
All have strong and stable economies
For one emerging country; state one strength and weakness in its ability to develop power
China: \+ Large population and human capital - lack of soft power because of environment impacts in secondary industry India: \+ english speaking population - Inequality in wealth Brazil \+ natural resources (Amazon) - political instability and violence Russia \+ Military power and investment into development - ageing population and inequality
Complete Rostow’s model with the correct labels for each stage and 2 characteristics of each stage
x-axis –> time
y-axis –> power/development
1) Traditional society (e.g. Chad)
- limited by debt, corruption
- high unemployment
- poor education
2) Pre-conditions to takeoff (e.g. Kenya)
- some investment therefore, secondary industry grows
- access to larger market but mainly domestic trade
3) Takeoff (e.g. Cambodia)
- International/domestic trade
- self investment
- tertiary growth
4) Drive to maturity (e.g China)
- Rapid economic growth, but immature economy
- self investment
- tertiary is highly developed
- possible G20 nations
5) Age of mass/high mass consumption (e.g. USA)
- Stable and mature economy that’s resilient to downturns
- low inequality
- high quaternary and quinary
What 2 factors are essential to move from one to stage of Rostow’s model
- stable government
- investment and education
Frank created the dependency model. Summarise his model in 4 bullet points.
1) developed nations are both reliant upon each other but the developing countries are more reliant
2) The poor will stay poor - developed countries control growth
3) Newly developed/industrialised countries help with the flow of commodities
4) Developed countries generate greater innovation, high profit margins and give aid. Developing countries distribute raw materials and pay off loans
State two ways that superpowers use IGOs to their advantage (state the superpower, the IGO and the advantage)
1) The World Bank is used by China to allow development to occur in eastern Africa. China used the World Bank as they helped them with their development plan. (Also helped with India in Ethiopia).
2) Japan used the IMF for recovery after WW2 as they expected the USSR to invade them but led to economic growth as a rapid rate.
Define the term glocalisation
when a company tailors/changes certain products in their portfolio to a area e.g. McDonalds in Germany selling beer and in Eastern Africa suiting religions
What is the role of the WTO?
The World Trade Organisation facilitates trade allowing nations like Chad to trade with USA.
What is the role of the WB?
The World Bank aim to reduce global poverty and have a role in funding development.
What is smart power?
A term that underscores the necessity of a strong military but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships and institutions of all levels to expand influence and establish legitimacy of ones action.
What is Mackinder’s theory?
Mackinder or heartland theory is a theory that states in order to potentially control the world one nation must control the heartland
What is a superpower?
A nation which is able to protect its influence anywhere in the world. It’s a dominating global force
What is geostrategic theory?
a type of foreign policy guided principally by geographical factors as they inform, constrain or affect political and military events.
