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Supplementation Flashcards

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1
Q

Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods and their excess intake is more likely.

A

Vita A
Vita D
Iron
Zinc

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2
Q

Excess intake of iron can interfere with absorption of which mineral?

A

Zinc

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3
Q

A nutrient with no UL defined implies that?

A

There isn’t enough information to establish a UL value

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4
Q

In terms of Dietary Reference Intake terminology, the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group is called.

A

UL

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5
Q

Deficient blood clotting is sign of excess:

A

Vita E

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6
Q

Alteration of parathyroid hormone levels and reduced bone mineral density are potential effects of excess intake of

A

Phosphorous

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7
Q

It is important to seek guidance on supplementation from a qualified health professional to

A

avoid supplementation toxicity

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8
Q

Which vitamin is associated with birth defects if it’s taken in excess amounts at conception and early pregnancy?

A

Vita A

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9
Q

Gastrointestinal distress, increased risk of heart disease and oxidative stress are potential effects of excess intake of?

A

Iron

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10
Q

Retinol and Beta Carotene are used as supplements for?

A

Vita A

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11
Q

The daily values for vitamins and minerals on a dietary supplement label are based on the 1968 RDAs. These DVs are determined for?

A

Adults using higher of the recommended amounts for males and females.

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12
Q

DRI; 1998 focused on which types of nutrients?

A

Protein and B vitamins

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13
Q

All of the following are the reasons for having a diet with inadequate nutrients except?

A

Relying on regular and wholesome meals

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14
Q

The FDA states that a dietary supplement is basically, a labeled pill, capsule, tablet or liquid intended to supplement the diet and contains one or more?

A

vitamin
mineral
botanical
amino acid

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15
Q

Excess dosage of some nutrients in dietary supplements can result because of the differences in DVs and RDAs. Nutrients with the greates potential of excess dosage due to this difference are?

A

Vita A, Iron and zinc

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16
Q

In the elderly, mental and emotional changes due to nutrient deficiency are often mistaken for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Such changes in the elderly may indicate dietary deficiency of?

A

Vita B 12

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17
Q

Choose the correct statement: 1.The dietary Reference Intake values provide what constititutes harmful and excess intake of nutrients.2.The Dietary Reference Intakes can be adjusted for the special needs of women only. 3. The DIetary References Intakes are designed to estimate nutrient needs of people in various age groups but not that of people in various gender groups?

A

1 only

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18
Q

According to the US food and Drug admin, a dietary supplement includes all of the following except:

A

anything classified as a drug

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19
Q

In terms of DRI terminology, a recommended average daily nutrient intake level, based on observed (or experimentally determined) approximations or estimates of nutrient intake that are assumed to be adequate for a group (or groups) of healthy people, when an RDA cannot be determined?

A

AI

Adequate Intake

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20
Q

One potential effect of excess intake of copper is gastrointestinal distress. Name any other nutrient which can cause same problem if its intake is in excess.

A

Iron

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21
Q

Calcification of brain and arteries and increased blood calcium are some of the potential effects of excess intake of.

A

Vita D

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22
Q

On diet supplements labels, IU stands for:

A

International Unit

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23
Q

Excess intake of which mineral can cause gastrointestinal irritation?

A

Iron

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24
Q

Excess intake of calcium, vita C, or silicon can cause:

A

Liver damage

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25
As a general rule of thumb, the safe level of most nutrients in a multivitamin/ mineral should be around 100 percent of the DV, However, there are some exceptions, including…
Vita A | Calcium
26
RDA stands for:
Recommended Dietary Allowance
27
Excess dosage of some nutrients in dietary supplements can result because of the differences in daily values and recommended dietary allowance. Nutrients with the greatest potential of excess dosage due to this difference are?
Vita A, D, and zinc
28
Vita A, if present in a supplement only as retinol rather than carotene, shuld be less than 100 percent of the DV because only retinol intake has potential effects, like:
Increased risk of pregnancy complications for mothers and increased incidence of hip fractures in older women.
29
Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods and their excess intake is more likely. These nutrients include
VIta A, D, iron and zinc
30
Neurotoxicity is a potential effect of excess intake of:
manganese
31
On dietary supplement labels protein, carbohydrate and fat are generally expressed in:
Grams
32
Excess intake of which vitamin can cause permanent damage to sensory nerves?
Vita B-6
33
The DRIs most commonly used to evaluate or plan diets for individuals are the Recommended Dietary Allowance, Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Level (UL) values. Which DRI provides sufficient intake level for nearly all healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group?
RDA
34
Excess calcium consumed with other minerals inhibits the absorption of :
Some trace minerals only
35
Excess dosage of some nutrients in dietary supplements can result because of the differences in DVs and RDAs. Nutrients with the greatest potential of excess dosage due to this difference are:
Vita A, D, and Zinc
36
As a general rule of thumb, the safe level of most nutrients in a multi vitamin/ mineral should be around 100 percent of the DVs. However, there are some exceptions, including:
calcium and Vita A
37
Of the following, which are not advised as a dietary supplement?
Germanium/ Cobalt
38
Calcification of blood vessels is a result of excess intake of:
Vita D
39
Liver damage, bone and joint pain, dry skin and loss of hair are potential effects of excess intake of:
Vita A
40
AI, a DRI term, stands for
Adequate Intake
41
Folic Acid masks deficiency of:
Vita B-12
42
Kidney stones is one of the potential effects of excess intake of which nutrients?
Calcium, vita C and silicon
43
Calcification of brain and arteries and increased blood calcium are sojme of the potential effects of excess intake of:
Vita D
44
Hair loss is a potential effect of excess intake of:
Vita A or selenium
45
Commonly used units of measure on dietary supplement labels are:
gram, milligram, microgram and international units
46
Adverse effects on male and females repoductive system is indicative of excess intake of:
Boron
47
DRI terminology, the average daily nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group is called:
RDA
48
Impaired immune function and low HDL Cholesterol are potential effects of excess intake of:
Zinc
49
excess intake of some vitamins can result in extremely serious adverse effects. These vitamins are:
Vita A, D, and B-6
50
As a general rule of thumb, the safe level of most nutrients in a multi vitamin/ mineral should be around:
100%
51
One potential effect of excess intake of copper is gastrointestinal distress. Name any other nutrient which can cause the same problem if its intake is in excess.
Iron
52
Some potential effects of excess intake of vita K are:
anemia and red blood cell and liver damage,
53
There are no reports of toxicity from excess oral intake of:
biotin, and Vita B-12
54
Some of the potential effects of excess intake of vitamin B-6 are:
neurological problems, numbness, pain in limbs
55
Neurotoxicity is a potential effect of excess intake of
Manganese
56
Gastrointestinal distress, increased risk of heart disease and oxidative stress are potential effects of excess intake of:
Iron
57
The potential effects of excess oral intake of VIta B-12 are:
None
58
Large doses of anti inflammatory drugs like Aspirin and ibuprofen may interfere with function:
folic acid
59
Excess intake of fluoride can cause damage to :
kidneys, muscles and brain
60
Excess intake of which mineral can sause gastrointestinal irritation?
Iron
61
According to the US FDA, a dietary supplement includes all but the following:
anything classified as a drug
62
The daily values for iron is 18mg/ day while the current RDA for a man is 8 mg/ day. The difference stems from :
a woman’s need for extra iron during menstruation
63
Increased risk of lung cancer in smokers and those heavily exposed to asbestos and potential effects of excess intake of which nutrient?
Beta-carotene
64
Excess intake of calcium, Vita C or silicon can cause:
Liver damage
65
Excess intake of which mineral can increase the risk of developing kidney stones?
Calcium
66
Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods. These nutriuents include
iron, zinc, Vita A and; Vita D
67
Which one of the following does not constitute a disordered eating pattern?
Taking a variety of wholesome foods
68
Elevated Thyroid hormone level is indicative of excess intake of:
Iodine
69
One potential effect of excess intake of niacin is liver damage. Same effect can be due to excess intake of:
Vita A and K
70
UL stands for:
(Tolerable) Upper (Intake) Level.
71
Vita A, if present, in a supplement only as retinol rather than carotene, should be less than 100% of the DV because, only retinol intake has potential effects, like:
pregnancy complications and increase incidence of hip fractures in elderly women
72
Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods.
nutrients include vitamin A, D, zinc, and: iron
73
EAR, stands for:
Estimated Average Requirement
74
Liver damage is a potential effect of excess intake of which rutrients?
Niacin, Vita A and/ or K
75
Supplementation of beta-carotene is controversial because:
Beta carotene experiments have produced mixed results
76
Some nutrients are supplemented by intake of fortified foods.
These nutrients includes VIta A, D, and two minerals: zinc and iron
77
Deficiency of some nutrients can impair mental functions
Iron and Vita B-12
78
According to the DRI, the average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group is called:
EAR
79
On dietary supplement labels protein, carbohydrate and fat are generally expressed in:
Grams
80
On dietary supplement labels, vitamins, minerals and amino acids are generally expressed in:
milligrams or micrograms
81
The US FDA states that a dietary supplement is basically, a labeled pill, apsule, tablet, or liquid intended to supplement the diet and contains one or more:
vitamin, mineral, botanical, or amino acid
82
DRI; 1998 focused on which types of nutrients?
Protein and B vitamins
83
DRI 2002; Which option shows the nutrients from all three class reviewed:
Vita A (vitamins), Iron (Metallics), Silicon (non metallics)
84
DRI | 1997
``` Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium D Fluoride ```
85
DRI | 1998
``` Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin B6 Folate B12 Pantothenic acid Biotin Choline ```
86
DRI | 2000
C E Selenium Carotenoids
87
DRI | 2002
``` A, K Vanadium, zinc Arsenic Boron Chromium Copper Iodine Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Silicon ```
88
DRI | 2005 (15)
``` Energy Carbohydrate Fiber Fat Fatty Acid Cholesterol Protein Amino Acid ```
89
DRI | 2005 (16)
``` Water Potassium Sodium Chloride Sulfate ```

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