Supply Chain giugno-25

Question 1

What is a Supply Chain?

Answer 1

Network of organizations that transform raw materials into finished goods and deliver them to the final customer.

Question 2

Define Supply Chain Management.

Answer 2

Planning coordination and control of material information and financial flows across the supply-chain network.

Question 3

What are the three SC flows?

Answer 3

• Material flow
• Information flow
• Money flow

Question 4

What is the typical range of SC logistics cost as a percentage of national GDP?

Answer 4

Usually ranges from eight to fifteen percent.

Question 5

What does SCOR stand for?

Answer 5

Supply Chain Operations Reference model.

Question 6

What are the five components of the SCOR model?

Answer 6

• Plan
• Source
• Make
• Deliver
• Return

Question 7

What are the four planning questions in supply chain management?

Answer 7

• What to make
• How much
• Where
• When

Question 8

Why is supply chain planning critical?

Answer 8

Because of uncertainty, constraints, complexity, and the need for optimisation.

Question 9

Give examples of external demand uncertainty.

Answer 9

• Volatile customer orders
• Late supplier deliveries

Question 10

What does the U-C matrix proxy represent?

Answer 10

Number of constraints such as suppliers, products, or BOM depth.

Question 11

What is the focus of the low U-C quadrant?

Answer 11

Emphasis on mathematical optimisation of cost and service.

Question 12

What are the two Fisher product categories?

Answer 12

• Functional products
• Innovative products

Question 13

What are the traits of functional products?

Answer 13

• Predictable demand
• Long life-cycle
• Low margins

Question 14

What is the functional strategy in supply chain management?

Answer 14

Lean physically efficient supply chain.

Question 15

What are the traits of innovative products?

Answer 15

• Unpredictable demand
• Short life-cycle
• High margins

Question 16

What is the innovative strategy in supply chain management?

Answer 16

Responsive agile supply chain.

Question 17

What are innovative design choices in supply chain?

Answer 17

• Hold excess capacity
• Keep inventory near markets

Question 18

What do the Hau Lee axes represent?

Answer 18

Process stability versus demand variability.

Question 19

List the types of supply chains according to Hau Lee.

Answer 19

• Lean
• Responsive
• Risk-Hedging
• Agile

Question 20

What characterizes a Responsive SC?

Answer 20

High demand variability with stable processes.

Question 21

What characterizes an Agile SC?

Answer 21

High variability both upstream and downstream requiring flexibility and risk sharing.

Question 22

What are the implications of global versus local supply chains?

Answer 22

• Longer lead times and multimodal transport
• Added customs and regulatory complexity

Question 23

Define offshoring.

Answer 23

Relocating production or sourcing to low-cost foreign countries.

Question 24

Define reshoring.

Answer 24

Bringing previously offshored production back home.

Question 25

What are the GSCM archetypes?

Answer 25

Seven canonical global supply chain templates.

Question 26

What is the focus of a Low-Cost SC?

Answer 26

Focus on cost minimisation via low-cost country production.

Question 27

What is a Clone SC?

Answer 27

Replicates small local chains each serving its regional market.

Question 28

What is a Focused Factory SC?

Answer 28

Specialised world-scale plants serving one or few product families.

Question 29

What is the Octopus SC model?

Answer 29

Central innovation hub with global tentacles for sourcing and distribution.

Question 30

What is the low-cost challenge in supply chains?

Answer 30

Maintaining service levels despite long lead times.

Question 31

What percentage of manufacturing revenues do purchases typically equal?

Answer 31

Roughly sixty to eighty percent.

Question 32

What is procurement leverage?

Answer 32

One percent saving in purchase cost boosts profit more than one percent extra sales.

Question 33

What are the drivers for outsourcing?

Answer 33

* Flexibility * Access to innovation * Broader variety * Lower non-core investment

Question 34

What happened to Indesit in China in 2005?

Answer 34

Example of Low-Cost supply chain.

Question 35

What led to the closure of Indesit in 2009?

Answer 35

Could not meet EU service levels and underestimated total landed cost.

Question 36

What is the Candy model in China?

Answer 36

Clone model joint venture for China plus outsourcing to Europe.

Question 37

What type of supply chain does Zara represent?

Answer 37

Responsive moving toward Agile for innovative lines.

Question 38

What issue did Luxottica face?

Answer 38

Synchronising global production and distribution to fast fashion demand.

Question 39

What complexity did Mediamarket encounter?

Answer 39

Wide range and very long supplier lead times.

Question 40

What is the bullwhip effect?

Answer 40

Amplification of demand variability upstream.

Question 41

What is the first fix for the bullwhip effect?

Answer 41

Share point-of-sale data for transparency.

Question 42

What is the second fix for the bullwhip effect?

Answer 42

Reduce physical and information lead times.

Question 43

What does Total Cost of Ownership evaluate?

Answer 43

All costs production transport duties risks in sourcing decisions.

Question 44

What is a Lean KPI?

Answer 44

Unit cost per product.

Question 45

What is an Agile KPI?

Answer 45

Order to delivery lead time or OTIF within twenty-four hours.

Question 46

What is the goal of Risk-Hedging?

Answer 46

Mitigate supply interruption or variability risks.

Question 47

What is the Scale economies archetype?

Answer 47

Focused Factory Supply Chain best exploits scale and experience on limited product families.