SUR 134

Question 1

Cranial Nerve X

Answer 1

Vagus

Question 2

The Javid Shunt may be used during a carotid endarterectomy to:

Answer 2

To maintain cerebral blood flow

Diagram shows an Argyle shunt, which is another time

Question 3

An aneurysm slowly tearing through the arterial walls

Answer 3

Dissecting

Question 4

Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy approaches the pituitary gland through

Answer 4

Upper gum margin (canine fossae)

Question 5

What do VP shunts treat?

Answer 5

Hydrocephalus

Question 6

The location of a fixed point in space using geometric coordinates

Answer 6

Stereotaxis

Question 7

Pilocarpine is what kind of medication

Answer 7

miotic drug (constricts)

Question 8

Cranial nerve responsible for lateral movement of the eye

Answer 8

III (CN 3) - Oculomotor

The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve (CN III). It enables eye movements, such as focusing on an object that’s in motion

Question 9

When two chest tubes are placed in the patient’s chest postoperatively, the inferior (lower) chest tube is used to

Answer 9

drain blood/secretions

Question 10

What vessels are commonly accessed for hemodialysis

Answer 10

radial artery and cephalic vein

Question 11

Freeing of an adhered nerve to restore function and relieve pain

Answer 11

Neurolysis

A neurolysis is the surgical dissection and exploration of a damaged nerve with the goal of freeing the nerve from local tissue restrictions or adhesions.

Question 12

The sagging and eversion of the lower lid. It is common in older patients

Answer 12

Ectropion

Ectropion is where the lower eyelid droops away from the eye and turns outwards. It’s not usually serious, but can be uncomfortable. Ectropion mainly affects the lower eyelid and can happen in 1 or both eyes

Question 13

The most resistant form of microbial life

Answer 13

Spores

Bacterial spores are one of the most resistant life forms known to date, being extremely tolerant against various stresses such as heat, chemicals, and harsh physical conditions

Question 14

Ribs known as the floating ribs are attached

Answer 14

posteriorly to the vertebrae

The ribs are attached posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae and most are anchored anteriorly either directly or indirectly to the sternum. The thoracic cage functions to protect the heart and lungs

Question 15

Why is Levophed used in cardiac surgery

Answer 15

restores and maintains blood pressure

Levophed (norepinephrine bitartrate) is a vasoconstrictor, similar to adrenaline, used to treat life-threatening low blood pressure (hypotension) that can occur with certain medical conditions or surgical procedures. Levophed is often used during or after CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation).

Question 16

What medication is used for ventricular arrhythmias

Answer 16

Xylocaine

As a renowned local anesthetic agent of choice, lidocaine is also a class 1b antiarrhythmic agent that is primarily used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Although lidocaine systemic toxicity is rare, it may be life-threatening; thus, its early identification and management are of vital importance.

Question 17

Produces surface anesthesia in eye surgery and is available in an 0.5% concentration for this use.

Answer 17

Tetracaine

Tetracaine eye drops are used to numb the eye before surgery, certain tests, or procedures. The eye drops are used to prevent pain during the procedure. Tetracaine belongs to the group of medicines called local anesthetics. It works by blocking the pain signals at the nerve endings in the eye

Question 18

This substance is introduced through a thoracoscope to dry up excessive fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity with patients diagnosed with recurrent pleural effusion

Answer 18

Talc

The talc makes the pleura inflamed so they stick together. Then there is no space for the fluid to collect

Question 19

After harvesting of the lung, it is placed in

Answer 19

Collin’s solution

In 1969 Collins developed a simple cold storage solution for kidney preservation. 86. This solution contains an intracellular electrolyte composition with low sodium and high potassium that aims to prevent transmembranous fluid and electrolyte shifts

Question 20

A surgical procedure performed whenever the cornea is thickened or opacified is called

Answer 20

Keratoplasty

Kera - cornea
Plasty - repair
A cornea transplant is an operation to remove all or part of a damaged cornea and replace it with healthy donor tissue. A cornea transplant is often referred to as keratoplasty or a corneal graft. It can be used to improve sight, relieve pain and treat severe infection or damage

Question 21

Surgery which utilizes subfreezing temperatures to create a lesion in the treatment of Parkinson’s

Answer 21

Cryosurgery

The cryosurgical lesion is created in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus for control of tremor and rigidity, or in the posterior ventral area of the pallidum for control of rigidity and bradykinesia. An initially reversible inhibition is produced by cooling the probe tip to -10 degrees C

Question 22

A patient with chronic cerebral ischemia may need what type of surgery

Answer 22

carotid endarterectomy

Question 23

What is a Meningioma

Answer 23

A tumor arising from the covering of the brain

Question 23

Patients with intractable pain, hyperhydrosis, and vascular extremity disorders

Answer 23

sympathectomy

This procedure is used to treat a condition called hyperhidrosis or abnormally heavy sweating in the palms of the hands, the face, the underarms, and sometimes the feet