Surface anatomy

Question 1

What are the regions of the face when looking anteriorly?

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the regions of the face when looking laterally?

Answer 2

Question 3

what are the layers of the facial skin? superficial to deep

Answer 3

Question 4

what are the main features of facial skin?

Answer 4

Very little deep fascia on the face The muscles of facial expression are found in the superficial fascia

Question 5

where is the origin of muscles in the face mainly?

Answer 5

bone or fascia

Question 6

where are facial muscles mainly inserted?

Answer 6

skin

Question 7

what is the nerve that controls facial skin?

Answer 7

CN V Trigeminal nerve - (CN V1-CN V2-CN V3)

Question 8

Which nerve controls the frontal region, upper eyelid and middle of the nose?

Answer 8

CN V1

Question 9

What region does CN V2 control?

Answer 9

the lower lid and the infraorbital, the wings of the nose and the upper lip

Question 10

which nerve controls the lower lip and the mental region and part of the buccal and parotid?

Answer 10

CN V3

Question 11

What type of nerves control the back of the head?

Answer 11

Spinal nerves

Question 12

Which nerve controls the facial expression muscles ?

Answer 12

CN VII Facial nerve

Question 13

what are the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 13

1-Frontalis 2- orbicularis oculi 3- orbicularis oris 4-platysma 5-Quadratus Superioris

Question 14

what is the function of Quadratus Superioris?

Answer 14

pulling up the upper lip

Question 15

Where are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 15

in the posterior part of face around ramus of mandible and TMJ

Question 16

Where are the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 16

mainly in anterior part of face around sphincters CN VII

Question 17

who are the muscles of mastication controlled by?

Answer 17

it is controlled by CN V3 the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 18

what are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 18

1- temporalis 2- masseter 3- lateral pterygoid 4- medial pterygoid

Question 19

which muscle controls the closing of the jaw?

Answer 19

lateral pterygoid

Question 20

How many pairs of salivary glands are there?

Answer 20

3 major pairs of salivary glands

Question 21

Name the salivary glands and their location

Answer 21

-parotid gland (superficial to masseter) -deep part & superficial part of the submandibular gland -sublingual gland (in the floor of the mouth)

Question 22

where is the parotid duct ?

Answer 22

just opposite of the second upper molar

Question 23

where is the submandibular duct?

Answer 23

(in the floor of the mouth): base of the frenulum

Question 24

where is the sublingual duct?

Answer 24

In the sublingual fold

Question 25

where does the face get its arterial supply from? and what is it a branch from?

Answer 25

from the Facial artery which is a branch of the external carotid

Question 26

where does the face drain its blood from? and where does it drain into?

Answer 26

from the facial vein it drains into the internal jugular vein

Question 27

where is the only place for superficial lymph nodes in the face?

Answer 27

Parotid region

Question 28

how does the face conduct lymphatic drainage?

Answer 28

through the superficial ring of regional lymph nodes

Question 29

what is the function of the Superficial ring of regional lymph nodes?

Answer 29

drains the scalp, face and superficial upper neck

Question 30

where is the Superficial Ring of Regional Lymph Nodes?

Answer 30

at the junction of the head and neck

Question 31

what are the lymph node groups?

Answer 31

occipital, mastoid, parotid, buccal, infrahyoid, submandibular, submental. , superficial cervical and deep cervical

Question 32

How many paranasal sinuses are there? name them

Answer 32

1- Frontal sinus 2- Ethmoidal 3- maxillary 4- sphenoidal

Question 33

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 33

Lightens the skull and resonates the voice

Question 34

where is the sphenoidal sinus and what is it lined with?

Answer 34

in the centre of the sinus bone it is lined with mucosa, mucous is released to remove debris

Question 35

Which bones form the bony orbit around the eye?

Answer 35

Frontal, Zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, nasal, ethmoid and sphenoid

Question 36

external layer of the eye lid has two part what are they?

Answer 36

the orbital part: bone palpebral: eye lid

Question 37

name the parts of the eye

Answer 37

upper and lower eyelid, Iris pupil palpebral fissure Sclera and conjunctiva

Question 38

what does the conjunctiva cover?

Answer 38

covers the sclera only not the iris and pupil

Question 39

what does the lacrimal apparatus consist of?

Answer 39

the lacrimal gland two small canaliculi lacrimal puncta lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct

Question 40

How do we shed tears?

Answer 40

lacrimal gland produces lacrimal fluid wash over eye pushed towards medial angle drains through lacrimal puncta eventually reaches nasal cavity

Question 41

name the parts of the mouth

Answer 41

Vermilion border Upper lip Lower lip Fissure Commissure Philtrum

Question 42

what is the Philtrum?

Answer 42

is the vertical groove in the midline of the upper lip bordered by these lateral ridges

Question 43

what muscle surrounds the mouth?

Answer 43

orbicularis oris

Question 44

what articulations from the TMJ?

Answer 44

the articulation between: the glenoid fossa and the condylar head

Question 45

name the arches of the soft palate

Answer 45

palatopharyngeal arch palatoglossal arch: palate to the tongue

Question 46

what is the name of tonsils between the palatine arches ?

Answer 46

palatine tonsils

Question 47

what type of muscle is the tongue made of? and what mucosa is it covered in?

Answer 47

Skeletal muscle lingual mucosa

Question 48

what is the name of the area which divides the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue?

Answer 48

terminal sulcus

Question 49

what is the function of the terminal sulcus? and what shape is it?

Answer 49

divides the tongue into 2/3 anterior and 1/3 posterior parts V shaped

Question 50

what are the four types of papillae?

Answer 50

Vallate Foliate Fungiform Filliform

Question 51

where did the thyroid gland originate from?

Answer 51

Foramen caecum

Question 52

where is the Foramen caecum?

Answer 52

at the apex of terminal sulcus

Question 53

what is a tongue tie?

Answer 53

frenulum too short & therefore binds the tongue to the gingivae of the lower incisor teeth in

Question 54

what is the sublingual papillae's function?

Answer 54

openings for the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands

Question 55

what does the hard palate consist of?

Answer 55

incisive foramen palatine processes of maxillae palatine bones palatine foraminae median palatine suture

Question 56

what are the ridges in the front of the hard palate?

Answer 56

palatal rugae

Question 57

what is the main function of the soft palate?

Answer 57

it acts as a trapdoor

Question 58

how does the soft palate work as a trapdoor?

Answer 58

1- stops food entering the nose during swallowing 2-directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing & vomiting 3-helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex

Question 59

name the parts of Waldeyer’s Ring of Lymphoid Tissue ?

Answer 59

palatine tonsil lingual tonsil pharyngeal tonsil “adenoid” tubal tonsils

Question 60

where does the Oropharynx lie?

Answer 60

At level of C2 & C3

Question 61

what type of muscle is the oropharynx made of?

Answer 61

Posteriorly &laterally: Pharyngeal muscles Anteriorly : oral cavity