Surface Markings

Question 1

Radial artery

Answer 1

At the wrist over the distal radius
Lateral to flexor carpi radialis tendon

Question 2

Ulnar artery

Answer 2

At the wrist over the distal forearm
Lateral to flexor carpi ulnaris tendon

Question 3

Brachial artery

Answer 3

In the cubital fossa
Medial side of biceps tendon with elbow in full extension

Question 4

Axillary artery

Answer 4

On the medial side of humerus (lateral wall of axilla)
Posterior to short head of biceps tendon

Question 5

Common carotid artery

Answer 5

Between lateral side of the thyroid cartilage and medial border of sternocleidomastoid

Question 6

Superficial temporal artery

Answer 6

In front of tragus of ear

Question 7

Subclavian artery

Answer 7

In the supraclavicular fossa, at the angle between clavicle and sternocleidomastoid

Question 8

Femoral artery

Answer 8

Mid-inguinal point (halfway between pubic symphysis and ASIS)

Question 9

Popliteal artery

Answer 9

With knee semi-flexed, using both hands to palpate in popliteal fossa

Question 10

Dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 10

Lateral to flexor hallucis longus tendon

Question 11

Posterior tibial artery

Answer 11

1/3 of the way from the medial malleolus to calcaneus

Question 12

Heart

Answer 12

3rd CC 1cm from sternal border
6th CC 1cm from sternal border
5th ICS at MC line
2nd ICS 2.5cm from sternal border

Question 13

T2/T3

Answer 13

Jugular/suprasternal notch

Question 14

T4/T5

Answer 14

Sternal angle of Louis

Question 15

Nipple in males and prepubertal females

Answer 15

4th ICS lateral to MC line

Question 16

Outline of pleura (anterior)

Answer 16

1 inch over medial 3rd of clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint
2nd CC
4th CC
Xiphisternal joint
8th rib at MC line

Question 17

Outline of pleura (posterior)

Answer 17

10th rib at costal margin at MA line
12th rib at medial border of scapula
L1 vertebrae below 12th rib

Question 18

Outline basal border of lungs

Answer 18

Anterior
- 6th rib at MC line

Posterior
- 8th rib at MA line
- 10th rib at medial border of scapula
- T9 at posterior midline

Question 19

Lung hilum

Answer 19

Mid point of scapular line and posterior median line at spinal levels T4 to T6

Question 20

Oblique fissue

Answer 20

T3 level

Question 21

Liver

Answer 21

Right 5th rib at MC line
Lower end of sternum
Left 5th ICS at MC line
Costal margin at mid-axillary line

Question 22

Transpyloric plane

Answer 22

Across tips of 9th CC

9th CC –> junction between costal margin and lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle

Question 23

Gallbladder

Answer 23

Tip of 9th right CC

Question 24

Spleen

Answer 24

Between MA line and lateral border of erector spinae muscles

Between ribs 9 to 11

Question 25

Kidneys

Answer 25

4-5cm away from the posterior midline Starts at rib 11 Ends 3-4cm above SC plane (L4)

Question 26

Kidney size

Answer 26

Height 9-12cm Width 5-7cm

Question 27

Ureter

Answer 27

5cm lateral to posterior midline at transpyloric plane (L1) Straight down to posterior superior iliac spine

Question 28

Abdominal aorta

Answer 28

From xiphisternal joint down, through umbilicus to supracristal plane at L4 where is bifurcates

Question 29

Triangle of safety

Answer 29

From 2nd to 5th ICS at MA line Apex below axilla Anterior axillary fold (pectoralis major) Posterior axillary fold (latissimus dorsi) Inferior border at 5th ICS

Question 30

Nine quadrants

Answer 30

MC lines on both sides Subcostal plane (10th rib costal cartilages) Inter-tubercular plane (L5)

Question 31

L1, L3, L3/4, L4, L5, S2

Answer 31

L1 - transpyloric L3 - subcostal L3/4 - umbilicus L4 - supracristal L5 - inter-tubercular S2 - ASIS

Question 32

Femoral triangle

Answer 32

Inguinal ligament Lateral border of adductor longus Medial border of sartorius

Question 33

Superior angle of scapula

Answer 33

T2

Question 34

Root of spine of scapula

Answer 34

T3

Question 35

Inferior angle of scapula

Answer 35

T7

Question 36

Mid-point between inferior angle of scapula and top of iliac bone along scapular line

Answer 36

T12

Question 37

Highest point of the iliac crest

Answer 37

L4

Question 38

Heart valves anatomical position

Answer 38

Aortic - 3rd ICS Pulmonary - 3rd CC Tricuspid - 4th ICS Mitral - 4th CC

Question 39

Heart valves surface markings

Answer 39

Aortic - 2nd ICS right sternal border Pulmonary - 2nd ICS left sternal border Tricuspid - 4th ICS left sternal border Mitral - 5th ICS MCL - apex beat

Question 40

Xiphisternal joint

Answer 40

T8/T9

Question 41

Internal jugular vein

Answer 41

Follows line between ear lobule and median end of clavicle Posterior to SCM and lateral to common carotid

Question 42

Common carotid artery

Answer 42

Posterior to SCM and medial to IJV

Question 43

Anterior triangle of neck

Answer 43

Anterior border - midline Posterior border - anterior border of SCM Superior border - mandible

Question 44

Posterior triangle of neck

Answer 44

Anterior border - posterior border of SCM Posterior border - anterior border of trapezius Superior border - middle third of clavicle

Question 45

Aortic arch

Answer 45

Starts and ends at level of the sternal angle Rises to midpoint of sternal angle and jugular notch

Question 46

Antecubital fossa

Answer 46

Upper border - horizontal line between lateral and medial epicondyles Medial border - lateral side of pronator teres Lateral border - medial side of brachioradialis

Question 47

Horizontal fissure

Answer 47

4th CC right sternal border Meets oblique fissure at MAL

Question 48

Oblique fissure

Answer 48

6th CC at MCL to rib 4 at MAL to T3/T4 on posterior wall

Question 49

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 49

Sternal angle Rib 2 T4

Question 50

Appendix

Answer 50

1/3 of distance from right ASIS to umbilicus McBurneys point