Surface Markings and Viscera of Abdomen

Question 1

Vertical line running from the midpoint of the clavicle through the tip of the 9th costal cartilage

Answer 1

midcalvicular line

Question 2

Midway between the suprasternal notch and the superior border of the public bone, also considered midway between the xiphisternal joint and the umbilicus

roughly at the level of the vertebral body of L1, at the point where the linea semilunaris contacts the 9th costal cartilage

Answer 2

transpyloric plane

Question 3

level with the lowest point of the 10th costal cartilage, also level with the vertebral body of L3

Answer 3

subcostal plane

Question 4

connects the iliac crests, level with spinous process of L4

Answer 4

supracristal plane

Question 5

connects the iliac tubercles, level with spinous process L5

Answer 5

intertubercular plane

Question 6

connects the anterior superior iliac spines, or ASIS, level with the posterior superior iliac spines, or PSIS, and S2

Answer 6

interspinous plane

Question 7

lateral to the midclavicular line, inferior to the level of the xiphisternal joint, and superior to the subcostal plane

Answer 7

hypochondrium

Question 8

lateral to the midclavicular line, inferior to the subcostal plane, and superior to the transtubercular plane

Answer 8

lumbar region

Question 9

medial to the midclavicular lines, inferior to the xiphisternal joint, and superior to the subcostal plane, and superior to the transtubercular plane

Answer 9

umbilical region

Question 10

medial to the midclavicular lines, inferior to the transtubercular plane, and superior to the pubic bone

Answer 10

hypogastrium

Question 11

quadrant that is lateral to the midline, inferior to the level of the xiphisternal joint and superior to the horizontal line through the umbilicus

Answer 11

upper quadrants

Question 12

quadrant that is lateral to the midline, inferior to the horizontal line through the umbilicus, and superior to the inguinal ligament

Answer 12

lower quadrants

Question 13

organ located on the right side of the body in the right hypochondrium and extends across to the left in the epigastrium.

Answer 13

liver

Question 14

organ located posterior to the tip of the 9th costal cartilage

Answer 14

gall bladder

Question 15

organ that begins posterior to the 7th costal cartilage, 2-3 cm to the left of the midline, inferior to the esophagus

Answer 15

stomach

Question 16

initial portion of the stomach

Answer 16

cardia

Question 17

right side of the stomach that continues inferiorly and curves to the right

Answer 17

lesser curvature

Question 18

lesser curvature becomes the ________ of the stomach 1-2 cm to the right of the midline in the transpyloric plane

Answer 18

pylorus

Question 19

left side of the stomach continues inferiorly but then curves sharply superiorly and then to the left to form the _______ of the stomach

Answer 19

fundus

Question 20

this part of the stomach curves inferiorly near the left midaxillary line, then inferiorly and to the right to a point just inferior to the transpyloric plane

curves superiorly and to the right and becomes the pylorus 1-2 cm to the right of the midline in the transpyrloic plane

Answer 20

greater curvature

Question 21

small intestine has three distinct portions

Answer 21

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 22

this portion of the small intestine continues from the pylorus of the stomach 2-3 cm to the right, transversely in the transpyloric plane. at this point, approximately 5 cm to the right of the midline this portion turns downwards and continues for 7-8 cm before turning at a right angle to the left, this occurs approximately level with the costal margin, or 10th costal cartilage, and the vertebral body of L3. it then continues horizontally to cross the midline.

Answer 22

duodenum

Question 23

this junction of the small intestine is 3 cm to the left of the midline in the transpyloric plane

Answer 23

duodeno-jejunal junction

Question 24

second portion of the small intestine and is generally located in the superior, left portion of the abdomen

Answer 24

jejunum

Question 25

third and final portion of the small intestine and is generally located in the inferior, right portion of the abdomen

Answer 25

ileum

Question 26

area of the large intestine that continues from ileum of the small intestine, it is located inferior to the transtubercular plane and superior to the lateral half ot eh inguinal ligament

Answer 26

caecum

Question 27

caecum and ileum are separated by the ______ ______

Answer 27

ileo-caecal valve

Question 28

the surface markings of the appendix, 1/3 of the way from the right ASIS to the umbilicus

Answer 28

McBurney's Point

Question 29

_________ _______ continues from the caecum superiorly up the right flank, just lateral to the midclavicular line, it ascends to the level of the 9th intercostal space, just inferior to the transpyloric plane

Answer 29

ascending colon

Question 30

bend in the ascending colon

Answer 30

hepatic flexure

Question 31

colon that heads to the left side of the body, generally considered to loop inferior to the greater curvature of the stomach before continuing superiorly and to the left of the splenic flexure

Answer 31

transverse colon

Question 32

this is located 10 cm to the left of the midline, just lateral to the midclavicular line, posterior to the 8th costal cartilage, just superior to the transpyloric plane also a bend that connects the transverse colon to the descending colon

Answer 32

splenic flexure

Question 33

this colon continues inferiorly down the left flank, just lateral to midclavicular line, and continues inside the ilium

Answer 33

descending colon

Question 34

this colon continues from the descending colon, it turns medially and inferiorly at the level of the left ASIS and reaches the midline about 2-3 cm inferior to the ASIS

Answer 34

sigmoid or pelvic colon

Question 35

distal opening of the gastro-intestinal tract

Answer 35

anus

Question 36

beings at the level of S3 and continues inferiorly in the midline of the anus

Answer 36

rectum

Question 37

this organ is located within the curvature of the duodenum, the head of this organ lies to the right of the midline of the curve of the duodenum, its neck and body overlie the aorta in the midline of the body

Answer 37

pancreas

Question 38

this organ lies posterior to the stomach, between stomach and the diaphragm, and superior to the left kidney, located between the 9th and 11th ribs from the lateral edge of the erector spinae muscle to the midaxillary line

Answer 38

spleen

Question 39

two bean-shaped structures which lie on the posterior abdominal wall, superior pole is deep to ribs 11 and 12, at about the level of T12

Answer 39

kidneys

Question 40

which kidney is more inferior than the other?

Answer 40

right kidney is slightly inferior to the left kidney

Question 41

these glands lie on the superior pole of each kidney

Answer 41

adrenal glands

Question 42

this part leaves the hilus of the kidneys in the transpyloric plane and continue inferiorly 5 cm lateral to the midline

Answer 42

urterters

Question 43

this organ lies posterior and slightly superior to the pubic bone when empty

Answer 43

bladder

Question 44

this gland lies inferior and posterior to the bladder

Answer 44

prostate gland

Question 45

this organ lies posterior and superior to the bladder

Answer 45

uterus

Question 46

this part lies just inferior to the level of the ASIS on each side, superior to the midinguinal point

Answer 46

ovaries

Question 47

this tube travels from the ovaries to the superior lateral portion of the uterus

Answer 47

fallopian, or uterine tubes

Question 48

this aorta is a midline structure, enters the abdomen roughly in the midline level with the vertebral body of T12, 3-4 cm superior to the transpyloric plane

Answer 48

abdominal aorta

Question 49

alongside the abdominal aorta

Answer 49

abdominal lymph nodes

Question 50

bifurcation of the aorta that creates the right and left _____ ____ _______

Answer 50

common iliac arteries

Question 51

each common iliac artery divides into an _____ _____ _____ and ______ _______ ______ in the transtubercular plane, level with the vertebral body of L5, 4 cm lateral to the midline

Answer 51

internal iliac artery, external iliac artery

Question 52

as the external iliac artery passes posterior to the inguinal ligament in the midinguinal line, it becomes the ____ _____

Answer 52

femoral artery

Question 53

this cava is formed from the common iliac veins 2-3 cm to the right of the midline in the transtubercular plane, level with the vertebral body of L5

Answer 53

inferior vena cava

Question 54

this vein is formed by the junction of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas, 1-2 cm inferior to the transpyloric plane in the midline

Answer 54

portal vein