SURGERIES ON THORAX AND TRACHEA

Question 1

trachea can resist decompression

Answer 1

compression

Question 2

tracheal rings are D-shaped

Answer 2

C-shaped

Question 3

trachea is Joined by the ____ dorsally

Answer 3

trachealis muscle

Question 4

connects each tracheal ring

Answer 4

annular ligament

Question 5

indications of tracheotomy

Answer 5

gain access to lumen
remove obstruction
get sample
facilitate airwflow

Question 6

Allows air to enter the trachea cranial to the nose, mouth, nasopharynx, and larynx

Answer 6

distal

Question 7

tube is permanent while stoma is temporary

Answer 7

baliktad

Question 8

provide airway before diagnostic and surgical procedures Of the upper airway or the oral cavity

Answer 8

Planned Tracheostomy

Question 9

done when there is severe upper respiratory tract obstruction
Sudden and acute

Answer 9

Emergency Tracheostomy

Question 10

most commonly performed to provide an alternate airflow during surgery

Answer 10

Temporary Tracheostomy

Question 11

____ incision is generally preferred with two stay sutures placed ___ and ___ the intended incision.

Answer 11

transverse
above
below

Question 12

what muscle is separated during tracheotomy

Answer 12

sternohyoid

Question 13

The tracheal incision extends roughly ____ of the circumference of the trachea.

Answer 13

40% to 50%

Question 14

why longitudinal incison is not recommended

Answer 14

not good healing
prone to scarring
granulation tissue formation
shirnkage of lumen

Question 15

The tracheostomy site can be partially closed with a few subcu and skin sutures using

Answer 15

(simple interrupted or basic sutures)

Question 16

in permanent tracheostomy , the stoma is created in the __by suturing the tracheal mucosa to the skin

Answer 16

ventral tracheal wall

Question 17

key in permanent tracheostomy

Answer 17

chain the tracheal mucosa to skin

Question 18

Tracheal Resection and Anastomosis
Indications

Answer 18

tracheal tumors
stenosis
avulsion
Trauma

Question 19

generally ___of trachea can be resected which are about 8-10 rings

Answer 19

~20-50%

Question 20

in TRA, how many tension relieving sutures shall be made

Answer 20

3-4

Question 21

Progressive. Degenerative condition of the hyaline cartilage rings that support the tracheal lumen

Answer 21

Tracheal Collapse Tracheal Chondromalacia

Question 22

Manifests as a “goose honk” cough varying degrees of dyspnea

Answer 22

Tracheal Collapse Tracheal Chondromalacia

Question 23

whta grade: 50% reduction in diameter. Tracheal rings elongated and mildly flattened

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Tracheal rings markedly flattened

Answer 24

3

Question 25

minor protrusion Of dorsal membrane into airway lumen. reduction in diameter

Answer 25

1

Question 26

what gradepossibly with dorsal deviation of ventral tracheal surface

Answer 26

4

Question 27

One most successfully done and high rate of improvement Woven mesh & self expanding

Answer 27

tracheal stents

Question 28

position in tracheal stent surgery

Answer 28

lateral recumbency

Question 29

to confirm appropriate placement & trachea condition

Answer 29

radiograph

Question 30

is done to confirm precise stent placement

Answer 30

Tracheoscopy

Question 31

what is avoided to being damaged during tracheal ring surgery

Answer 31

recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 32

position intracheal ring sugrery

Answer 32

dorsal recumbencu

Question 33

ring spaces should be spaced _ mm apart

Answer 33

5

Question 34

tracheal stents can be used for 55% tracheal lumen collpase

Answer 34

true

Question 35

techniques for thoracotomy

Answer 35

lateral or intercostal median

Question 36

thoracotomy technique where the sternum is split

Answer 36

median sternotomy

Question 37

what structure is first seen in lateral or intercostal sternotomy

Answer 37

lung lobes

Question 38

what structure is first seen in median sternotomy

Answer 38

trachea

Question 39

thoracostomy indications

Answer 39

Impaired respiration (Trauma) Respiratory diseases Emergency stabilization (Trauma) Cardiovascular diseases Esophageal Surgeries Obstruction - rare Neoplastic tissue removal

Question 40

thoracic cavity is compressed ventrally

Answer 40

false. laterally

Question 41

composition of thoracic skeleton

Answer 41

ribs, Sternum, vertebral column

Question 42

how many unpaired ribs

Answer 42

8

Question 43

how many paires of ribs

Answer 43

13

Question 44

what forms the costal arch

Answer 44

10-12

Question 45

fibers run caudoventral from caudal rib to cranial side of next rib (inspiration)

Answer 45

External intercostal mm

Question 46

run from cranial rib going to caudal side of preceding rib (expiration)

Answer 46

Internal intercostal mm

Question 47

standard approach for thoracotomy

Answer 47

intercostal

Question 48

very common incision site of ICS

Answer 48

4-5th ICS

Question 49

use a ___ to spread the ribs

Answer 49

Finochietto retractor

Question 50

choose more___ space when deciding between two spaces

Answer 50

caudal

Question 51

during internal thoractomy avpid incising the

Answer 51

internal thoracic vessels

Question 52

what is used to remove residual air from thoracic cavity

Answer 52

over-the-needle catheter or pre-placed chest tube

Question 53

how many sutures needed to close ribe

Answer 53

4-8

Question 54

what muscles are apposed after thoracotomy

Answer 54

serratus ventralis, scalenus, pectoralis muscles, latissimus dorsi

Question 55

indication of median sternotomy

Answer 55

Exploratory thoracic surgery Bilateral exposure of the thorax Access to dorsal or both sides of thoracic structures Tumors: Mediastinal. Lung lesions Cardiac Procedures. Pericardiectomies Hepatic Surgeries Diaphragmatic Surgeries

Question 56

in perfroming median sternotomy, leave ___ sternebrae intact

Answer 56

2-3

Question 57

how thick should the sternebrae be cut with bone saw

Answer 57

2/3

Question 58

what will be used to cut the last 1/3 of the sternebrae

Answer 58

osteotome and mallet

Question 59

for median sternotomy, chest wires are only used if

Answer 59

animal is >15kg

Question 60

chest tube placement indication

Answer 60

drain of fluid and air Pyothorax Post thoracotomy Post diaphragmatic hernia repair Continuous tension pneumothorax

Question 61

what ICS should be the tip of chest tube be placed

Answer 61

2nd

Question 62

to make the tunnel (pull skin from __

Answer 62

8th to 10th)

Question 63

tube selection, weight to size

Answer 63

<7, 7-15, 16-30, >30

Question 64

antibiotics

Answer 64

tetracycline, azith

Question 65

cough suppres

Answer 65

hydrocodone, butorphanol, lomotil

Question 66

antiinflamms

Answer 66

prednisone, fluticasone

Question 67

minor protrusion, reduced diamter

Answer 67

Grade 1

Question 68

markedy elongated 75%

Answer 68

grade 3

Question 69

mildy elongated , 50%

Answer 69

grade 2

Question 70

IV. >90% reduction in diameter, severely flattened tracheal rings. possibly with dorsal deviation of ventral tracheal surface

Answer 70

grade 4

Question 71

Ix for young healthy dogs with cervical tracheal collapse

Answer 71

tracheal rings

Question 72

Ix for dog clinical for intrathoracic collapse alone and severely debilatetd animal at anesthetic risk

Answer 72

tracheal stents