Surgery Flashcards
What are the lab findings of vertebral osteomyelitis?
Elevated ESR, MRI is the best diagnostic imaging
What imaging modality to use for diagnosis of psoas abscess?
CT of the abdomen and pelvis
Tumor suppressor genes that are linked to osteosarcoma?
RB1 and TP53; look for Hx with cancers such as retinoblastoma, leukemias, breast cancers, brain tumors or adrenocorticol tumors.
What is the underlying mechanism of zenker diverticulum?
cricopharyngeal motor dysfunction
How to effectively treat smaller varicose veins?
sclerotherapy; permanently collapsing the smaller veins
When to discontinue aspirin before undergoing non cardiogenic surgery?
Stop aspirin 5-7 days before
What is next step after finding a solid testicular mass in a young adult on ultrasound?
refer to surgery; DON’T do biopsy due to risk of spilling tumor cells in lymphatics and blood vessels.
What is the first line treatment in Cecal volvulus and sigmoid volvulus?
Emergency laparotomy in Cecal volvulus;
Endoscopic detorsion in Sigmoid volvulus
How to diagnose mesenteric ischemia?
CT (preferred) or MR angiography
How to diagnose patient with blunt thoracic aortic injury?
CT angiography for hemodynamically stable patients;
Transesophageal echocardiography for hemodynamically unstable patients
How to manage adrenal tumor (pheochromocytoma)?
surgical resection; but give alpha adrenergic blocker prior to surgery to avoid hypertensive crisis.
How to confirm the diagnosis of Esophageal perforation?
Esophagography or CT scan with water soluble contrast.
What is the treatment for pyoderma gangranosum?
local or systemic glucocorticoids; it is an allergic disease.
What is porcelain gallbladder associated with?
associated with increased risk for gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
