Surgery

Question 1

How long should skin-soap contact last during surgical hand scrubbing?

Answer 1

5 min OR 10-25 brush strokes on each skin surface

Question 2

How does a sterilization strip in a surgical pack indicate whether the contents are sterilized and ready for use?

Answer 2

A sterilization strip changes color to indicate a pack is sterile

Question 3

What is surgical wound dehiscence?

Answer 3

Layers of the incision (or wound) have separated

Question 4

Which suture size is most appropriate to close a rumenotomy in an adult cow?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

What is the range of suture sizes?

Answer 5

11-0 (finest) to 7 (heaviest)

Question 6

Which foreceps are particularly good for vascular surgery?

Answer 6

Debakey vascular thumb foreceps. They have multiple delicate teeth and are good for vascular surgery.

Question 7

What are Brown-Adson forceps used for?

Answer 7

Having intermeshing teeth, they are used for suturing and wound closure.

Question 8

What are rate tooth forceps used for?

Answer 8

Also known as adson tissue forceps 1x2, they have interlocking teeth and are used for tough connective tissue and fascia

Question 9

What are Russian thumb forceps used for?

Answer 9

Needle handling; hard on tissues

Question 10

What are Allis tissue forceps used for?

Answer 10

Long handled instruments used to retract tissues

Question 11

What does strike-through refer to in surgery?

Answer 11

When a gown or drape becomes completely soaked through with blood or saline

Question 12

A client would like to schedule suture removal for her dog.

How long after the sutures were placed should it be scheduled?

Answer 12

10-14 days

Question 13

What is a general purpose suction tip useful for multiple surgical situations?

Answer 13

The Yankauer suction tip.

Used commonly in thoracic and abdominal surgeries. Does not have a protective sleeve so it can clog during aspiration.

Question 14

What should a surgeon do before starting a surgical scrub of hands and arms?

Answer 14

Before scrubbing, a surgeon puts on a cap, mask and foot covers

Question 15

When does the maturation phase of wound healing occur?

Answer 15

The naturation (or remodeling) phase of wound healing starts approximately 3 weeks after the initial injury and may continue for many months

Question 16

What type of head covering should a veterinary surgeon with a full beard use?

Answer 16

Men with full beards or extensive sideburns should wear a surgical hood to cover all facial hair during sterile procedures

Question 17

What would be the most appropriate way to sterilize an endoscope?

Answer 17

Endoscopes should be sterilized using glutaraldehyde

Question 18

What is the purpose of trephine?

Answer 18

A trephine is a hollow T-shaped metal surgical instrument with a sharpened end designed to remove a circular core of tissues (e.g., bone skin, cornea).

Question 19

What is the purpose of Gigli wire?

Answer 19

Gigli wire is a flexible wire saw for bone

Question 20

What is meant by the term “acute abdomen”?

Answer 20

A sudden onset of clinical signs attributed to the abdomen. May or may not be surgical.

Question 21

What tool is this?

Answer 21

Senn manual hand retractor

Question 22

During surgery, place which part of a sharp instrument into the surgeon’s palm?

Answer 22

Place the handle of a sharp instrument into the surgeon’s hand

Question 23

When does the proliferative phase of wound healing occur after injury?

Answer 23

Proliferation is the second phase of wound healing and occurs 2-3 days after initial injury

Question 24

What are the phases of wound healing?

Answer 24

Inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation

Question 25

What is an ovariohysterectomy?

Answer 25

The removal of ovaries and uterus

Question 26

What does the suffix "-ectomy" refer to?

Answer 26

The surgical removal of something

Question 27

Which suture material is made of polypropylene?

Answer 27

Prolene

Question 28

A surgical gown should always be folded so which part is at the top of the sterilization package?

Answer 28

Neck ties

Question 29

What condition in horses is treated with Caslick's operation (vulvoplasty)

Answer 29

Pneumovagina

Question 30

What is pneumovagina?

Answer 30

Intermittent or continuous presence of air in the vagina

Question 31

What is a surgeon doing when performing an anastomosis?

Answer 31

Suturing peices of the GI tract together

Question 32

What best describes the process of repairing a dirty and traumatized wound by second intention?

Answer 32

Second intention healing is used for dirty, traumatized wounds, where the injury is cleaned and allowed to contract and epithelialized on its own until closed

Question 33

What is the best description for surgical gut?

Answer 33

Absorbable nonsynthetic suture material

Question 34

An inverting suture patterm is indicated to close what in a cat?

Answer 34

Stomach

Question 35

The vet has asked you to prepare for a pyometra surgery on a seven-year-old intact female schnauzer. What is to be removed from the dog?

Answer 35

Uterus

Question 36

What is a pyometra?

Answer 36

A pus-filled uterus

Question 37

What is removed during an orchidectomy?

Answer 37

Testicles

Question 38

Where is the best place to start a surgical scrub?

Answer 38

At the site of the proposed incision, working outward only, in concentric circles

Question 39

What is scrotal ablation?

Answer 39

Removal of the testicles and scrotum

Question 40

Which forceps are most appropriate to hold delicate tissues?

Answer 40

Babcock and Doyen tissue foreceps

Question 41

What is a rumenotomy?

Answer 41

An incision into the rumen of a cow, sheep, or goat

Question 42

When should sponges used during surgery be counted?

Answer 42

Before the incision is closed

Question 43

Which suction tip allows for finger control of suction and is especially useful in neurologic and orthopedic surgeries?

Answer 43

Frazier tip The Frazier tip is most often used for neurologic and orthopedic surgeries, during which bleeding is not as severe as with abdominal surgeries

Question 44

What is a laparotomy?

Answer 44

An incision into the abdominal cavity

Question 45

What does surgical milk do?

Answer 45

Lubricates instruments and inhibits rust; used on surgical instruments with a working action

Question 46

What instrument is used to cut or bite away small pieces of bone?

Answer 46

A rongeur is used to break-up and remove bone

Question 47

What is the purpose of a curette?

Answer 47

A curette is a tiny, sharp ice-cream scooper, used to scrape hard tissues like bone or cartilage

Question 48

Which of the following suture sizes would be most appropriate to suture the cornea of a cat? A. #4 B. 6-0 C. #7 D. 2-0 E. 0-0

Answer 48

B. 6-0 Suture sizes range from 10-0 (finest, 0.02 mm diameter) to #7 (heaviest, 0.9 mm diameter).

Question 49

Where is an umbilical hernia located?

Answer 49

Ventral midline of the abdomen An umbilical hernia is when tissue protudes through a defect in the muscle wall at the location where the umbilicus entered the body prenatally along the ventral abdominal midline

Question 50

What is the purpose of a Jacobs chuck?

Answer 50

A Jacobs chuck is a handle with a drill bit head, used to grip and place intramedullary bone pins when fixing broken bones

Question 51

Which choice best describes the process of repairing a clean wound within a few hours of injury by first intention? A. Suture within 6-8 hours B. Allow wound to contract and epithelialize C. Application of a tissue graft D. Let wound granulate closed E. Step-wise closure

Answer 51

A. Suture within 6-8 hours First intention healing (also called appositional healing or primary wound closure) means you suture up a fresh, clean wound within 6-8 hours of injury

Question 52

Which of the following choices includes three examples of NON-absorbable sutures? A. Maxon, Vetafil, Prolene B. Silk, Prolene, Ethilon C. Vetafil, gut, nylon D. Dexon, Vicryl, PDS E. Stainless steel, PDS, cotton

Answer 52

B. Silk, Prolene and Ethilon

Question 53

What is the most accurate difference between povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine antiseptic agents?

Answer 53

Povidone-iodine causes acute contact dermatitis in up to 50% of dogs and can also cause skin problems for vet staff

Question 54

What surgery is commonly performed on male cats with urolithiasis?

Answer 54

Perineal urethrostomy A perineal urethrostomy is a surgery to make an opening in the urethra at the perineum of blocked male cats to allow them to urinate

Question 55

What size clipper blade is typically used for a surgical clip?

Answer 55

#40

Question 56

What is the correct order for presurgical preparation of personnel?

Answer 56

Hair cap, facemask, handscrub, gown, gloves

Question 57

What is an advantage of using suture material swaged onto the needle?

Answer 57

Less traumatic to the tissues

Question 58

Where, anatomically, is the typical incision for an orchidectomy in a dog?

Answer 58

In a dog, a typical orchidectomy incision is cranial to the scrotum, in the prescrotal area

Question 59

The vet has asked you to prepare for a perineal urethrostomy surgery on a four-year-old male cat. What kind of problem does the cat most likely have to necessitate this surgery?

Answer 59

Urolithiasis (bladder stones or crystals)

Question 60

How should an assistant open a surgical pack set on a surgical table or Mayo stand?

Answer 60

Each corner individually without reaching over the pack

Question 61

Which choice is a method of physical sterilization? A. 5% bleach solution B. Heat C. Desiccation D. Humidification E. 4% chlorhexidine for 10 minutes

Answer 61

B. Heat The 3 most common methods of physical sterilization are heat (most common), filtration, and radiation

Question 62

Which scissors are best to use for bandage removal?

Answer 62

Lister bandage scissors have

Question 63

Which of the following solutions is recommended for surgical scrub of a patient? A. Hydrogen peroxide B. Glutaraldehyde C. Chlorhexidine D. Peracetic acid E. Sodium hypochlorite

Answer 63

C. Chlorhexidine Use chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine solution for skin preparation of a surgical patient

Question 64

What is a common break in aseptic technique during small animal surgery?

Answer 64

Anesthetist reaching over the sterile feild

Question 65

What is a celiotomy?

Answer 65

An incision into the abdomen (also called a Laparotomy)

Question 66

Which choice is best for use as a lavage solution? A. Isotonic, 0.5% glucose B. 0.05% chlorhexidine in saline C. Slightly acidic, hypotonic D. Neutral, hypertonic, 0.1% tetracycline E. Neutral, isotonic

Answer 66

D. Neutral, hypertonic, 0.1% tetracycline

Question 67

What best describes a Penrose drain?

Answer 67

Thin latex rubber, floppy tube used as a passive drain

Question 68

Cryptochidectomy is the removal of what?

Answer 68

The surgical removal of an undescended testicle

Question 69

Which solution is common in cold sterilization (I.e., instrument baths)?

Answer 69

Glutaraldehyde Use glutaraldehyde as a disinfecting solution in cold sterilization baths for instruments and endoscopy equipment

Question 70

What is an orchidectomy?

Answer 70

Surgical removal of one or both of the tescticles

Question 71

Which type of retractor would be most helpful during an ovariohysterectomy in an obese patient, when visualization is difficult?

Answer 71

Balfour self-retaining retractor; use in the abdominal cavity to increase visualization

Question 72

What can you do to help visualize a left ovarian pedicle bleeder during an ovariohysterectomy?

Answer 72

Retract the descending colon to the RIGHT to visualize a left ovarian pedicle bleeder

Question 73

When wrapping a surgical pack or gown, how should the pack be placed on the wrap?

Answer 73

The pack is placed diagonally on the wrap to allow the corners to fold up over the pack like an envelope

Question 74

Sternal recumbency means:

Answer 74

Sternal recumbency means that the animal is lying belly down

Question 75

What should be done with an instrument that has become contaminated during a surgical procedure?

Answer 75

Remove it from the surgical table/field

Question 76

Which forceps secure drapes to the patient by penetrating the skin?

Answer 76

Backhaus Backhaus (and Roeder forceps) are towel clamps used to secure drapes to the patient's skin.

Question 77

Which choice is an appositional suture pattern?

Answer 77

Simple continuous

Question 78

What is the purpose of a periosteal elevator?

Answer 78

Lift and separate muscle from bone

Question 79

Which of the following can be an endogenous source of microbial wound contamination? A. Surgical team B. Road gravel C. Surgical instruments D. Bowel contents E. Air

Answer 79

Bowel contents Sources of endogenous microbial wound contamination come from within the body

Question 80

Where do sources of endogenous microbial wound contamination come from?

Answer 80

Inside of the body

Question 81

Which needle holder also cuts suture material?

Answer 81

Olsen-Hegar needle holders

Question 82

What is the purpose of a Bard-Parker handle?

Answer 82

A handle for disposable scalpel blades

Question 83

A surgical needle with a taper point is most useful for suturing which tissue?

Answer 83

Subcutaneous tissues, intestines and fascia

Question 84

Which tissue is best sutured with a surgical needle with a blunt point?

Answer 84

A blunt point needle is used on friable tissues such as the kidney and liver

Question 85

What kind of scissors are these?

Answer 85

Suture scissors

Question 86

What advantage do synthetic absorbable suture materials have over natural materials?

Answer 86

Predictable rate of breakdown. Not significantly affected by inflammation or wound infection.

Question 87

What is the most common treatment for a piglet, kitten, or puppy with a rectal prolapse?

Answer 87

Purse string suture Typically treated by replacing the protruding tissue and then holding it inside with a purse string suture

Question 88

In which stage of wound healing are neutrophils found in the largest numbers in the affected tissues?

Answer 88

Neutrophils predominate in wounded tissues during the inflammatory stage

Question 89

In large animal surgery, which surgical blade fits on a #4 Bard-Parker handle?

Answer 89

#20, #21, and #22 all fit on the Bard-Parker #4 handle

Question 90

What is an external fixation device used for fracture repair?

Answer 90

Kirschner pins External fixation to stabilize fractures can be achieved using a combination of Kirschner pins and clamps. The pins penetrate through the skin into the bone

Question 91

Which surgical materials are best sterilized with radiation?

Answer 91

Gloves and suture materials These are sterilized with radiation during the manufacturing process because heat can destroy them

Question 92

Which process is appropriate when opening an instrument sterilized in a plastic peel pouch?

Answer 92

Edges are pulled back, keeping package facing away from the body

Question 93

Which of these choices are manual surgical retractors? A. Senn B. Gelpi C. Finochietto D. Balfour E. Weitlaner

Answer 93

A. Senn

Question 94

What is the LEAST desired method for preventing hypothermia in a surgical patient?

Answer 94

Do not use electric heating pads for recumbent patients because they concentrate heat and can cause thermal burns