Surgery And Anatomy Flashcards
(28 cards)
Egyptians: What was the positive knowledge found from mummification and what were the drawbacks?
+ gave knowledge of internal structure of organs
- since the body was needed for the afterlife, the organs were taken out from the side so some misinterpretations were made.
Greece: What was allowed at Alexandra? And what did this mean for understanding?
Dissection, more accurate idea of internal structure
Greece: What did Herophilus do? (Not a Key Individual)
Found a link between the nervous system and the brain.
Greece: What did doctors spend time looking for when in Alexandra? (What factor does this link to?)
They looked for evidence rather than new things. (Conservative attitudes)
Greece: What was surgery like?
Not safe so a last resort
Roman: what continued to be used from the Greek period?
Alexandra
Roman: What did Galen do towards S+A? (4 things)
- used dissection of Apes and pigs to learn about the body.
- learnt that the brain controlled speech and arteries carried blood around the body.
- nervous system; if he cut a nerve on the left side of the pig it stopped squealing
- he made mistakes because Ape and Pig bodies are different to humans
Roman: What did army surgeons have to learn to do?
Amputate limbs
Middle Ages (Islamic): What were the two problems with S+A in this period?
- No dissection; restricts knowledge
- Surgery was a last resort.
Middle Ages (Christian): Why was dissection used? (Factor?)
As a demonstration to prove Galen right (conservative attitudes)
Middle Ages (Christian): What were people not allowed to do? What did this lead to? (Factor?)
Not allowed to challenge Galens ideas, leading to no development. (Conservative attitudes)
Middle Ages (Christians): Why was no allowed to questions Galens ideas? (Factor?)
Because he said there was only one God so if he was wrong about one thing, people might start to question if he was wrong about that therefore question the Christians beliefs (Religion and Superstition)
Middle Ages (Christians): What type of surgery was carried out?
Small tumours removed, sewed up wounds and reset bones.
Middle Ages (Christian): What is a source that could be used for this?
Wound man
Middle Ages (Christians): What did some people teach in terms of after treatment?
To cleanse and bathe wounds
Middle Ages (Christians): What were some negatives to S+A in this period?
Pus seen as good.
Burning iron could cause infections.
Renaissance: What are the three individuals you need to know for this?
Ambroise Paré.
William Harvey.
Andreas Vesalius.
Renaissance: What did Ambroise Paré do for S+A? (Context?)
(Spent 20 years as an army surgeon)
Once ran out of boiling oil so made his own from; egg yolk, rose oil and turpentine.
Also helped to make false limbs.
And started using ligatures to stop bleeding.
Renaissance: What were the impacts and limitations to Ambroise Parés work?
Ligatures could cause infections and was a slow process.
Leads to less painful surgery.
Renaissance: What did William Harvey do for S+A?
Proved the heart was a pump.
Proved the body was a one-way system for blood (when he tried to pump the other way it wouldn’t go.)
Blood was 3X weight of man, proving it was made.
Renaissance: What were the limitations and impacts of William Harvey’s work?
Didn’t help anyone.
People didn’t want to believe Galen was wrong.
Helped develop knowledge of blood.
Renaissance: What did Andreas Vesalius do for S+A?
Said dissection of humans was important.
Proved jaw had 1 bone, not 2 as Galen had said.
Proved breast bone was made up of 3 bones not 7 as Galen had said.
Renaissance: What was the limitations to Andreas Vesalius work?
People refused to believe Galen was wrong.
Renaissance: What factor does Andreas Vesalius show and why?
He once stole a criminals body to dissect.
