Surgery and oncology Flashcards
First-line treatment for stress incontinence
Pelvic floor exercises
Duloxetine if surgical procedures are declined
First-line treatment for urge incontinence
Bladder retraining
Bladder stabilising drugs- anti-muscarinics- oxybutynin, tolterodine or darifenacin
Describe stress incontinence
Likely to leak small amounts when coughing or laughing
Describe urge incontinence
Detrusor muscle overactivity
‘Key in the door’ incontinence
Best diagnostic test for hydronephrosis
Ultrasound of the renal tract
Causes of hydronephrosis
Tumours (of renal pelvis if unilateral or extensive bladder if bilateral) Calculi Aberrant renal vessels Pelvic- ureteric obstruction Prostatic enlargement Urethral stenosis
Management of acute pancreatitis
ABCDE
Fluid resuscitation
Analgesia
Not prophylactic antibiotics unless cultured
If causative gallstones then cholecystectomy
Obstructed biliary system then ERCP
Early causes of post-operative pyrexia (0-5 days)
Cellulitis Blood transfusion UTI Pulmonary atelectasis Systemic physiological reaction
Late causes of post-operative pyrexia (5-10 days)
Venous thromboembolism
Pneumonia
Wound infection
Anastomotic leak
Microcytic anaemia causes
Iron deficiency
Anaemia of chronic disease
Beta-thalassaemia
Sideroblastic anaemia
Muscle relaxant of choice for rapid sequence induction
Suxamethonium
Pain relief for renal colic in the acute setting
IM diclofenac
When to manage a ureteric calculi expectantly
<5mm stone
Complex renal calculi and staghorn calculi need to be dealt with by…
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Management of superficial thrombophlebitis
USS for deep vein thrombosis
Compression stockings (after checking adequate arterial supply)
Oral NSAIDs
