Surgery - Changes between 1875 - 1905 Flashcards
IGCSE History 1848 - 1948 (22 cards)
When did Lister become Professor of Surgery at King’s College Hospital?
1877
When did Koch develop the steam steriliser?
1878
What is aseptic surgery?
Surgery performed under sterilised conditions
What hygiene practices were introduced in aseptic surgery?
Clean theatres, clean clothes, masks, and rubber gloves
What did Koch discover that led to aseptic surgery?
Hot steam could clean equipment
From what year were all instruments steam sterilised?
1887
When were sterilised rubber gloves first used?
1894
When was the first heart operation performed
1896
How did Lister change surgery?
His discoveries changed surgeries forever and made complex surgeries safer
When was the first intravenous general anaesthetic used?
1874
In what year was cocaine clinically used for anaesthesia in Russia?
1884
When was the first spinal anaesthetic administered?
1897
When was heroin first used in surgery?
1898
When was Novocaine developed by Einhor?
1903
What was a significant problem during operations?
Blood loss
How did Lister experiment to reduce blood loss?
By using catgut soaked in carbolic acid
When were blood groups discovered?
1901, by Karl Landsteiner
What limitations existed with blood transfusions until 1901?
They had to be person to person and finding a donor of the right blood group was difficult
What issue could occur with tubes during blood transfusions?
They could become blocked because blood clots as soon as it leaves the body
When did Roentgen discover X-rays?
1895
When did many hospitals install x-ray machines?
By 1896
How did x-rays help surgeons?
They helped spend less time searching inside a wound, reducing infection risk
