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LPN Level 2 - Surgery > Surgery GU > Flashcards

Surgery GU Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

Obstruction of urine flow that will lead to a back up of urine which will destroy kidney

A

Urological obsruction

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2
Q

Scar tissue due to injuries, STD’s , STI’s and Renal calculi. Narrowing of Urethra Lumen

A

Strictures

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3
Q

Surgical procedure involving foley catheter at bedside to relieve strictures

A

Mechanical Dilation

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4
Q

Surgical repair of urethra to relieve strictures

A

Urethraplasty

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5
Q

Bladder training involving foley catheter consist of

A

clamping and release

Clamp and Release

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6
Q

Stones in the Nephron is called

A

Nephrolithiasis

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7
Q

Stones found in the Kidney pelvis

A

Pyelolithiasis

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8
Q

Stones found in the ureter

A

Uretolithiasis

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9
Q

Size of stone that can easily pass through urine

A

<5mm

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10
Q

Another name for lg stones

A

Staghorn >5mm

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11
Q

Number 1 S/S of renal calculi

A

Costovertebral pain radiating to front

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12
Q

Can hematuria be found when passing stone

A

yes

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13
Q

two common causes of kidney stones

A

Chronic dehydration

UTI’s

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14
Q

What type of specific gravity is found with pt with UTI and renal calculi

A

High specific gravity

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15
Q

Why is immobility a cause of kidney stones

A

bones demineralize and calcium is released into blood to accumulate in kidneys

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16
Q

Purine metabolism leads to

A

Uric acid

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17
Q

most common type of stone

A

Calcium oxalate

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18
Q

Diagnostics for Renal calculi

A

IVP
KUB
Blood
Ultrasound

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19
Q

Name two immediate interventions for a pt with renal calculi

A

pain control

Fliud increas PO IV

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20
Q

Thiazide diuretic given most commonly to break calcium stones

A

Diuril

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21
Q

Drug given to lower purine levels

A

Allopurinol

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22
Q

ESWL aka

A

Lithotripsy

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23
Q

The use of shockwaves to break up stones where anesthetized pt is placed either in a tub of water or may use water bag on abdomen as the shockwaves bounce off water to break renal calculi

A

Lithotripsy ESWL

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24
Q

Pre procedure lithotrpsy

A

Consent

NPO

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25
Post procedure lithottipsy
increase fluids expect slight hematuria teach pt to strain
26
If lithotripsy fails what is the next step
Stenting
27
If stenting after lithotripsy fails what is the next step
Surgery
28
What surgery involves removing small stones through a scope also used for biopsy for cancer
Cystoscopy
29
What surgery involves removing large stones in bladder by insterting instrument through uretha into bladder where stone is crushed and flushed with saline
Cystolitholapaxy
30
Surgical incision into bladder where stone is removed and may insert a temporary drainage tube
Cystotomy
31
temporary suprapubic tube to drain urine through belly button
Cystotomy tube
32
Drug of choice post stenting
Plavix | Antiplatelet
33
Regular scope through ureter to view stone and where sent is placed permanently to allow passage of future stone build up
Ureterolithotomy
34
Surgical scope through flank area skin into kidney that may require tube to prevent stones from settling
Nephrolithotomy
35
tube for urine drainage inserted into flank area after Nephrolithotomy
Nephrostomy tube
36
Diet prevention of Calcium Oxalate stones
Low or high calcium depending on how much oxalate the body has no coffe, beans, spinach, coco, or chocolate
37
Prevention of uric acid stones from purine
Low purine diet fruits milk cheese and eggs good organ meats gravy and sardines bad
38
Three major preventions of stones
Hydrate Exercise Diet
39
Complications of stones
Hydronephrosis & UTI
40
Causes of cancer in the bladder
smokers | pollutants
41
Early S/S of bladder cancer
Painless hematuria
42
Later S/S of Bladder Cancer
``` Pelvic or lower back pain dysuria - painful urination / difficulty Anuria - no urine Oliguria - not enough urine Tumor obstruction ```
43
U/A is done for cancer diagnosis to look for
Blood in urine
44
Diagnostic used to search for cancer cells in urine
Cytology
45
Cystoscopy for cancer can be called
biopsy
46
IVP is usually not given for pt's with obstruction due to the reason that
they may not be able to flush the dye out their system
47
4 important factors before an IVP
Allergies BUN & Creatinine NPO ^ fluids
48
Stage of cancer deterines the Tx. Which stage of cancer is the highest
stage 4
49
Therapy for bladder cancer where a pt is injected medication directly into bladder to make tumor sensitive to light. Then tumor cells are killed by photo therapy lights
Photodynamic therapy
50
laser is a treatment for bladder cancer b/c it can destroy small
tumors
51
ectomy means
removal
52
Encapsulated malignancy of kidney found in children who are born with it
WILMS
52
Causes of kidney cancer
Smoking Obesity Long term hemodialysis Environmental pollutants
53
Early s/s if kidney cancer
No early signs and symptoms
54
Late symptoms of cancer of kidney
Hematuria | Flank pain
55
Diagnostics | For kidney cancer
IVP Cystoscopy CT MRI
56
Best surgical tx of kidney cancer
Radical nephrectomy
57
Pre op nephrectomy
Consent BUN creatinine Blood clotting
58
Post op nephrectomy
``` Monitor: Bleeding Lung sounds Increase fluids Monitor I&O ```
59
Complications of nephrectomy
Pneumothorax | Atelectasis
60
Nephrectomy could accidentally cause a puncture in the lungs and air in pleural space...
Pneumothorax
61
S/S of renal failure
``` Anemia r/t erythropoietin Uremic frost r/t uremia Pruritis itchy flaky skin Encephalopathy Left or right heart failure CHF Ammonia breath ```
62
Tax for ESRD chronic end stage renal failure
Hemodialysis
63
Type of renal biopsy where vein and artery are combined in anastomoses
AV fistula
64
Type of hemodialysis site where tube is inserted to combine artery and vein
AV graft
65
Hemodialysis is given how many times
3-4 hrs 3x a week
66
Side effects of hemodialysis
Weight loss Weak Low BP Increase HR
67
Assess patency of IV site during hemodialysis by
Palpating the tremor | Auscultating bruit
68
Bruit sounds like
Swishing sound
69
Can you draw blood or give blood pressure on hemodialysis arm
No
70
Where is the bracelet placed for a pt on hemodialysis
Bracelet is on arm where the IV site is
71
Can you sleep on hemodialysis arm
No
72
Notify doctor if during hemodialysis site is
Bleeding with fever or drainage
73
How many ml of fluid is used for peritoneal dialysis
1500-2000mL
74
For how long does fluid drain during peritoneal dialysis
30 minutes done 3-4x a day
75
How long will fluid sit in abdomen
1-3hrs
76
Complication of peritoneal dialysis
Peritonitis
77
Drug a pt will stay on for life pre and post kidney transplant
Cyclosporine
78
Two things to watch for kidney transplant
Bleeding | I&O
79
Signs of rejection
Decrease urine output Increase temperature Swelling all over Increase BP
80
What must be done if kidney transplant fails
Hemodialysis immediately
81
Anti rejection drug pre and post renal transplant
Cyclosporine
82
LASIx loop diuretic potassium sparring
Furosemide
83
What must you monitor after furosemide is given
Weights I&O Monitor k+
84
Thiazide diuretic most commonly given to break up calcium stones
Diuril
85
Urinary analgesic / antiseptic where urine turns red orange given for UTIs
Pyridium
86
Sulfonamide antibiotic for UTIs
Bactrim / septra
87
Drug of choice for UTI
Cipro
88
Potassium sparring diuretic
Aldactone
89
Urinary analgesic / antiseptic | For UTI and turns urine brown
Macrodantin
90
Diuretic that can crystallize when exposed to low temperatures
Mannitol
91
Reduced muscle spasms of the bladder and urinary tract
Ditropan

LPN Level 2 - Surgery (9 decks)

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