Surgical test and procedures Flashcards

Question

Disinfection

Answer 1

The use of a chemical procedure that eliminates most recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily all microbial forms (e.g., bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects; there are three levels of disinfection recognize:high, intermediate, and low

Answer 2

``` Kills all organisms except high levels of bacterial spores, and is effected with a chemical germicide cleared for marketing as a sterilant by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Kills Bactria (including mycobacteria) and most viruses with a chemical Kills some viruses and bacteria with a chemical germicide registered as a hospital disinfectant by the EPA. ```

Answer 3

A chemical that kills germs Condition created when pathogenic microorganisms overcome the body's natural defenses and protective barriers and invade and multiply in body tissues or fluids Any organism that, due to its small size, can only be viewed with the aid of a microscope; typically single-celled and encompasses viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi.

Answer 4

The space and the materials contained within the area that has undergone sterilization Any process that destroys all types and forms of microorganisms, including spore; the more common types of sterilizers include the dry heat over, the force air dry heat over (convection type), the autoclave (steam under high pressure and high temperature), and the chemiclave; a chemical vapor type of sterilizer which relies on heat, pressure, and alcohol/formaldehyde-based propriety solutions to chive sterilization at a standards operating temperature.

Answer 5

The man goal is to keep patients as free from microorganisms as possible, in particular those areas especially susceptible to infection (wounds, etc.). Most effectively reached by ensuring that only sterile equipment and fluids are used during invasive ophthalmic procedures. In the ophthalmologist's office, the assistant needs to assure that all equipment is sterile and that the surrounding area is clean and as free of microorganisms as possible (wiping area with 70% alcohol or prep solution with a lint free cloth). In the hospital ophthalmic operating room, all members of the surgical team are aware that good aseptic technique must be followed and typically there is a person (ophthalmic surgical assistant, ophthalmic technician, scrub nurse, or surgical technologist) whose responsibilities include the set-up and maintenance of the sterile field. Most importantly, aseptic technique encompasses any efforts to prevent the spread of microorganisms to or from petits, physicians, and medical staff.

Answer 6

Follow correct procedure before entering a surgical suite or operating area Wear proper attire Long sleeve gowns Face mask (covers both nose and mouth) Surgical cap Shoes (or shoe covers) Eye protection (shield or goggles) Proper attire required even if not directly participating in surgery Use of clean gives for handling non-sterile materials, or sterile surgical gloves for handling sterile materials Wear a mask prior to hand washing Keep fingernails short and clean Remove rings, watches, other jewelry Use restroom before scrubbing Handwashing Correct water temperature Correct water flow to avoid splashing Antiseptic solution, e.g., Providone-Iodine 2%, Chlorhexidine Gluconate 1.5%, and others Hands kept above elbow level to azure that water flows down from the fingertips to the elbow Use sterile brush for nails and sterile pick for under the nails (discard pick) Scrub hands and forearms to just above the elbow Rinse from fingertips to just above the elbow Keep hands higher than elbows, allows arms to drip dry for a few moments Use towels from gown pack to dry hand and forearm, discard towel when hands are dry Holding gown from inside, place hands through gown sleeves, stopping at the cuff. Using gown cuff and closed gloving technique, pick up one glove, put on glove (repeat for other hand); (note: use of gloves does nor replace surgical scrub process) Some facilities now use alcohol-based foams or lotions in place of surgical scrub. Request assistance for a colleague for fasting your gown at the back Keeps hands up at all times; do not touch anything that is not sterile Sterile areas are usually marked by a blue-or grim colored drape, typically the operative field, instrument table, front and sleeves of gown Back of your gown and anything below the waist are considered non-sterile Your mask, eye protection, and cap are also considered non-sterile Wash your hands after removing gloves (change gloves between clean and dirty procedures) Disposable attire must be placed into the designated garbage container when finished Non-disposable gowns should be placed in the appropriate laundry basket

Answer 7

``` Refers to the preparations and management of a patient before surgery. This time period might be short, in the case of an emergency surgery, or it may encompass several days as follows: Record Check Verify When ordered Before transfer to operating room ```

Answer 8

``` Vital signs Patient's nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status Medical and Surgical history Allergies and current medications Any physical handicaps Any signs of infection ```

Answer 9

Patient's understanding of the operative, pore-operative, and postoperative procedures Patient's questions or potential anxieties Family's knowledge of the planned surgery

Answer 10

Accuracy of patient's signed informed consent form All required paperwork is complete and accurate The physician's pre-operative orders are fulfilled correctly The patient's identification bands and blood type are accurate Surgeon and/or anesthesiologist has reviewed ordered pre-operative testing which may include electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, or laboratory test Surgical side/site and ensure site is properly marked by surgeon

Answer 11

Confirm operative site Administer pre-operative medications Pre-operative sedation administered by anesthesiologist

Answer 12

Patient voids Side rails of the bed are raised Completed chart available Patient's personal items removed for safekeeping (e.g., dentures, contact lenses, jewelry, other valuables)

Answer 13

Be sure to provide support to patient and their family throughout pre-operative preparation (full instructions, explanation of procedure, emotional support, honestly answer patients questions, responding to any anxiety, reassuring the patient) An uneventful recovery can be anticipated for those patients who are well prepared physically and psychologically for their operation

Answer 14

Refers to all patient care from immediately after completion of their surgery through the patient's recovery period. Immediate care includes assuring airways are clear, pain is under control, wound healing is occurring, and the patient's mental status is good. Be sure patient's and their families understand post-operative instructions regarding systemic and ocular medications, activities, follow-up appointments and actions they should take if ether is a change in their status.

Answer 15

All activity in room must stop Proceduralist or Staff calls the Time Out Involve the patient whenever possible All surgical team will state (I agree or I need clarity) Procedure may begin after the verification process is complete

Answer 16

Verify consent is accurate/complete

Answer 17

Verify patient identity procedure and laterality | Correct site mark visualized

Answer 18

Verify implant and diopter (if applicable) Verify antibiotics/irrigation fluids (if applicable) Verify safety/allergy precautions (if applicable)

Surgical test and procedures Flashcards

(42 cards)