Survey of medical bacteriology I - Kozel Flashcards

Question

Name some toxin-mediated diseases caused by S. aureus.

Answer 1

1. food poisoning 2. toxic shock syndrome 3. scalded skin syndrome

Answer 2

It is a method of grouping B-hemolytic bacteria based on the carbohydrate composition of their cell wall antigens.

Answer 3

Aerobic, gram-pos cocci.

Answer 4

1. catalase positive 2. coagulase negative 3. extracellular polysaccharide contributes to biofilm

Answer 5

1. endocarditis 2. catheter and shunt infections 3. urinary tract infections 4. UTI's in young, sexually active women - mainly by the species Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Answer 6

S. epidermidis - also S. saprophyticus causes UTI's in young, sexually active women.

Answer 7

Some bacteria produce coagulase - this enzyme catalyzes change of fibrinogen to fibrin. If present it will cause blood an plasma to clot- this is used diagnostically to differentiate between certain bacterias such as S. aureus.

Answer 8

Aerobic gram negative cocci.

Answer 9

1. forms diplococci 2. multiple virulence factors/antigens on its surface 3. resistant to most antibiotics - ceftriaxone now in use 4. can diagnose by nucleic acid amplification

Answer 10

1. gonorrhea 2. disseminated infections - spread to skin or joints 3. ophthalmia neonatorum - ocular infection acquired at birth

Answer 11

Aerobic, gram-neg cocci.

Answer 12

1. forms diplococci 2. has antiphagocytic Group-specific capsular polysaccharide 3. there is a vaccine against capsular polysaccharide or CPS-protein conjugate

Answer 13

1. menengitis - in young adults 2. meningococcemia - disseminated infection with petechia and purport 3. repeated attacks in patients with deficiencies in terminal complement proteins

Answer 14

Aerobic, gram-pos rod.

Answer 15

1. large, spore-forming rod 2. has an antiphagocytic capsular polypeptide made from poly-glutamic acid 3. has 3 exotoxins - protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF) 4 is treated with ciprofloxacin

Answer 16

1. cutaneous anthrax - forms a black eschar 2. gastrointestinal anthrax - ulcers at site of invasion 3. inhalation anthrax - non-specific signs followed by severe sepsis

Answer 17

Aerobic, gram-pos rod.

Answer 18

1. large, spore-forming rod 2. ubiquitous in soil worldwide 3. has two enterotoxins

Answer 19

1. food poisoning - vomiting and diarrheal forms 2. ocular infection - traumatic penetrating injury 3. severe pulmonary disease- severe anthrax-like pulmonary disease in immunocompetent patients

Answer 20

Aerobic, gram-pos rod.

Answer 21

1. is a motile coccobacilli 2. is a facultative intracellular pathogen 3. grows at 4 degrees celsius - especially in contaminated food 4. treatment via penicillin alone or with gentamycin

Answer 22

1. contaminated food or transplacental spread 2. neonatal disease - early onset 3. is influenza-like or asymptomatic in healthy adults 4. source of in utero infection - usually during third trimester - called early onset before birth and late onset after birth

Answer 23

Aerobic, gram-pos rod.

Answer 24

1. thin, pleomorphic rods in filaments 2. zoonotic - colonizes swine, turkeys, fish - is an occupational disease in humans 3. treatment with penicillin

Answer 25

1. Erysipeloid - painful, pruritic inflammatory skin lesion at sites of trauma 2. generalized cutaneous disease - diffuse cutaneous infection 3. septicemia leading to endocarditis (uncommon)

Answer 26

Aerobic, gram pos rod.

Answer 27

1. pleomorphic 2. produces diptheria toxin - A-B toxin inactivates EF-2 3. grown on special media - cysteine-tellurite agar 4. has vaccine - to diphtheria toxin

Answer 28

1. respiratory diphtheria - starts with exudative pharyngitis evolving to pseudomembrane then releases toxins causing myocarditis and neurotoxicity 2. cutaneous diphtheria - chronic, non-healing ulcer following contact with infected person.

Answer 29

Aerobic, gram-neg rod. There are many strains of E. coli. The pathogenic strains are further classified under five different pathotypes.

Answer 30

1. They are fermentative (fermentation if no O2 available) rods 2. Some strains are normal flora of the GI tract 3. There are 5 different pathogenic groups with distinct toxins

Answer 31

1. gastroenteritis - five major groups with distinct sites of action, symptoms and virulence factors 2. urinary tract infection - most common cause 3. neonatal meningitis 4. septicemia

Answer 32

1. Uropathogenic (UPEC) 2. Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) 3. Enteropathogenic (EPEC) 4. Enteroinvasive (EIEC) 5. Enterohemorrhagic 0157:H7 (EHEC) 6. Enteroaggregative (EAEC) - has same toxin as EHEC.

Answer 33

Uropathogenic E. coli. This E. coli pathotype produces the exotoxin a-hemolysin, triggers inflammation and is an opportunistic infector.

Answer 34

Enterotoxigenic E. coli. This pathotype produces the exotoxin a-hemolysin, triggers inflammation and is involved in UTI's.

Answer 35

Enteropathogenic E. coli. This pathotype produces the exotoxins Labile toxin (LT) and Stable toxin (ST), causes hypersecretion leading to watery diarrhea.

Answer 36

Enteroinvasive E. coli. This pathotype triggers inflammation, produces ulcers and causes dysentery.

Answer 37

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli. This pathotype produces Shiga toxin. This toxin binds to and colonizes the small intestines (also can bind in the kidneys) and causes hemorrhage leading to bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Answer 38

Enteroaggregative E. coli. This pathotype also produces Shiga toxin. It is involved in producing adherent biofilm and causing watery or blood diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Answer 39

Aerobic gram-neg rod.

Answer 40

1. is a non-fermenting rod 2. most infections via contaminated food such as poultry or eggs. 3. has over 2500 O serotypes 4. The serovars Typhi and Paratyphi are highly adapted to humans.

Answer 41

1. Gastroenteritis - infectious dose lower if reduced gastric acidity. 2. Septicemia 3. Enteric fever - typhoid fever produces by S. Typhi. 4. Asymptomatic colonization - usually gallbladder, carrier for infection by S. Typhi and S. paratyphi.

Answer 42

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 43

1. They are non-fermenting rods. 2. There are 4 species 3. They produce Shiga toxin that damages intestinal epithelium and A-B toxin that blocks protein synthesis. 4. Humans are their only reservoir.

Answer 44

1. S. sonnei 2. S. flexneri 3. S. dysenteriae 4. S. boydii

Answer 45

1. Shigellosis - a type of gastroenteritis characterized by watery diarrhea (caused by enterotoxin), abdominal cramps, fever and bloody stool. 2. Asymptomatic carriers are a reservoir.

Answer 46

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 47

1. zoonotic- rats, sqirrels, rabbits and domestic animals 2. Y. pestis is the flea vector 3. There have been 3 major pandemics caused by this bacteria.

Answer 48

1. Bubonic plague- spread via fleas 2. Pneumonic plague - spread via aerosol 3. Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis - cause enterocolitis following ingestion of infected meat, milk or water.

Answer 49

1. Y. pestis 2. Y. enterocolitica 3. Y. pseudotuberculosis

Answer 50

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 51

1. Can also be fermentative. 2. Is encapsulated so has antiphagocytic properties. 3. Has a strain that is resistant to carbapenemase - CRKP or Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumniae.

Answer 52

1. Pneumonia - usually patients with impaired pulmonary defense such as diabetes, alcoholism, malignancy or COPD. The symptoms include bloody, mucoid sputum. 2. UTI 3. Sepsis

Answer 53

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 54

1. Urease positive 2. motile - can be seen on bacterial plates 3. makes urine alkaline leading to struvite crystals in kidneys (kidney stones) - urease hydrolyzes urea to ammonia

Answer 55

UTI with crystal formation.

Answer 56

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 57

1. Produces red pigment. | 2. Ubiquitous in damp aras of environment.

Answer 58

1. Noscomial (originates in hospital) infection in neonates and compromised patients. 2. UTI 3. Respiratory tract infection. 4. Wound infection.

Answer 59

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 60

1. There are greater than 20 species. | 2. They are ubiquitous in fresh and brackish water.

Answer 61

1. Diarrheal disease in otherwise healthy people - caused by contaminated food or water. 2. Wound infection - traumatic injury and exposure to contaminated water. 3. Opportunistic systemic disease, particularly in those with hepatobiliary disease or malignancy.

Answer 62

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 63

1. Form curved rods that require salt for growth. 2. Produce cholera toxin - A-B toxin. This toxin in similar to LT toxin of E. coli, it interacts with G-protein that regulates adenylate cyclase leading to secretion of water and electrolytes. 3. The cholera toxin is produced by the 01 and 0139 serogroups. 4. V. cholerae is spread by consumption of contaminated food or water.

Answer 64

1. Asymptomatic or self-limited diarrhea. | 2. Cholera - watery diarrhea with "rice-water" stool (speckled with mucus).

Answer 65

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 66

1. forms curved rods that require salt for growth 2. present in estuarine and marine environments worldwide, most common cause of gastroenteritis in Japan and SE Asia, most common cause of seafood-associated gastroeneritis in US (raw shellfish)

Answer 67

1. Gastroenteritis - usually a self-limited diarrhea | 2. wound infection - exposure to contaminated water

Answer 68

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 69

1. forms curved rods that require salt for growth 2. infectIon via exposure to contaminated salt water or ingestion of contaminated shellfish 3. responsible for 90% of Vibrio-related deaths in the US

Answer 70

1. Septicemia after consumption of raw oysters, has a high mortality rate - 25% 2. Wound infection after exposure to contaminated water

Answer 71

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 72

1. forms curved rods 2. zoonotic- poultry, contaminated food, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water 3. There are several species

Answer 73

1. Gastrointestinal disease - most common cause of bacteria gastroenteritis in US, killed by gastric acid so especially associated with decreased gastric acid 2. Septicemia - uncommon 3. Guillain-Barre syndrome - cross reactivity between surface LPS and peripheral nerve gangliosides

Answer 74

1. C. jejuni 2. C. coli 3. C. fetus 4. C. unsaliensis

Answer 75

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 76

1. Forms spiral, highly motile rods 2. humans are the primary reservoir, infection is common and colonization is life-long 3. copious urease production - so can diagnose via non-invasive breath test 4. difficult to culture - requires complex medium

Answer 77

1. Gastritis 2. Gastric ulcers - 10-20% lifetime risk if colonized 3. Gastric cancer - 1-2% lifetime risk if colonized 4. colonization is life-long it untreated

Answer 78

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 79

1. Is oxidase-positive and produce green pigment 2. has a mucoid polysaccharide capsule 3. ubiquitous in nature and often cause nosocomial infection 4. highly resistant, requires use of antibiotic combinations

Answer 80

1. Pulmonary infection - seen with cystic fibrosis and mucoid strains 2. Infection of burn wounds 3. UTI - especially in long-term indwelling catheters 4. External otitis - swimmer's ear 5. Bacteremia - opportunistic infection such as would be seen with neutropenia

Answer 81

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 82

1. There are multiple species - B. cepacia, B. pseudomallei, B. mallei.

Answer 83

1. B. cepacia complex - pulmonary infection in patients with underlying lung disease such as cystic fibrosis. 2. B. mallei - glanders in horses; biothreat 3. B. pseudomallei - melioidosis - a pulmonary infection and sepsis, also a biothreat

Answer 84

Glanders is a disease primarily of horses but can infect humans. It can cause fever, chills, sweating, light sensitivity, muscle aches, chest pain, nasal discharge and headaches.

Answer 85

Areobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 86

1. Gram-neg coccobacillus 2. Ubiquitous saprophytes in many environments 3. emerging nosocomial infection 4. Highly resistant to multiple antibiotics

Answer 87

1. Noscomial infection in the hospital 2. Wound infection - noscomial infection of battlefield wounds 3. opportunistic infections

Answer 88

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 89

1. small coccobacilli 2. encapsulated - Type B is most important 3. has a vaccine - protein conjugate of type B polysaccharide 4. nutritional requirements - X (hemin) and V (NAD) factors

Answer 90

1. menengitis - disease of unimmunized children 2. Epiglottitis - life-threatening swelling of the epiglottis 3. acute and chronic otitis media and sinusitis (acapsular strains) - most common cause along with Strep. pneumoniae

Answer 91

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 92

1. gram-neg coccobacilli 2. commensals of oropharynx of healthy animals 3. infection follows exposure to animals, ie - bites, scratches, shared food

Answer 93

1. Cellulitis and lymphadenitis after animal bite - most common infection following dog or cat bites 2. Respiratory infection in patients with underlying pulmonary dysfunction 3. Systemic infection in immunocompromised patient

Answer 94

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 95

1. gram-neg coccobacillus 2. Produces pertussis toxin - inhibits protein that regulates adenylate cyclase activity - this leads to increased cAMP levels 3. there is a vaccine against a cocktail of purified B. pertussis proteins

Answer 96

1. Pertussis or whooping cough - seen in unimmunized infants | 2. Causes chronic cough in partially immunized patients

Answer 97

Stage 1 - Catarrhal stage - characterized by coryza, low-grade fever and mild, occasional cough Stage 2 - Paroxysmal state - characterized by paroxysms of numerous, rapid coughs, thick mucoid sputum, cyanosis, vomiting, exhaustion, long aspiratory effort accompanied by a 'whoop' at the end Stage 3 - Convalescent stage - Characterized by less persistent, paroxysmal coughs and a gradual recovery

Answer 98

Aerobic, gram-ned rods.

Answer 99

1. Gram-neg coccobacillus that requires cysteine for growth. This requires a special media and is dangerous. 2. zoonotic - primarily in rabbits 3. insect vectors are hard ticks and biting flies 4. Is a facultative intracellular pathogen

Answer 100

1. Causes Tularemia - 3 types Ulceroglandular - most common form that follows insect bite or direct inoculation - causes an ulcer at the site with swelling of regional lymph nodes Oculoglandular - follows inoculation of the eye - i.e. -by rubbing the eye, causes irritation and inflammation of eye with swelling of regional lymph nodes Pneumonic - follows inhalation, is a biothreat, causes cough, chest pain and SOB

Answer 101

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 102

1. very small, gram-neg coccobacilli 2. infects tissue rich in erythritol like the uterus and placenta 3. zoonotic with different species in different animals

Answer 103

1. B. melitensis - goats and sheep 2. B. abortus - cattle and American bison 3. B. suis - seine, reindeer and caribou 4. B. canis - dogs, foxes and coyotes

Answer 104

1. Undulant fever - multiple symptoms with intermittent fever 2. Disease spectrum varies with infecting species 3. Is a biothreat

Answer 105

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 106

1. Slender, pleomorphic rods 2. Nutritionally fastidious - requires cysteine (special media in lab) 3. replicates inside macrophages and amoebae 4. common in natural bodies of water such as cooling towers etc.

Answer 107

1. Asymptomatic infection is relatively common 2. Legionnaire's disease - severe form of pneumnia in setting of underlying pulmonary disease 3. Pontaic fever - self-limiting flu-like illness associated with several Legionella species

Answer 108

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 109

1. Gram-neg rod 2. many transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods 3. The reservoir is cats and their fleas

Answer 110

1. B. quintana - passed by the bite of the human body louse, responsible for Trench fever of WWI - severe headache, fever and pain in the long bones 2. B. henselae - can cause Bacillary angiomatosis - vascular proliferative disease and Cat-scratch disease - chronic regional lymphadenopathy associated with inoculation of flea excreta via a cat scratch

Answer 111

1. B. quintana | 2. B. henselae

Answer 112

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 113

1. forms long, thin rods | 2. Reservoir is rat and other small rodents - normal flora in nasopharynx of rats

Answer 114

1. Rat-bite fever - human infections follow rat bites, symptoms are irregular fever, headache, chills, migratory polyarthralgia, maculopapular or petechial rash

Answer 115

Aerobic, gram-neg rods.

Answer 116

1. small, gram-neg rods | 2. normal flora of human mouth and upper respiratory tract

Answer 117

1. opportunistic infection of immunocompromised patients | 2. commonly isolated in human bit wound or fistfight.

Answer 118

As an anaerobe.

Answer 119

1. spore-forming, gram-pos rod 2. ubiquitous in soil, water and GI tract of humans and animals 3. produces numerous toxins and enzymes such as alpha toxin or lecithinase 4. produces C. perfringens enterotoxin

Answer 120

1. Cellulitis 2. Fasciitis or suppurative myositis 3. Myonecrosis or gas gangrene 4. Clostridial food poisoning - intoxication; meat products

Answer 121

As an anaerobe.

Answer 122

1. spore-forming gram-pos rod 2. spores in most soils and GI tracts of humans and animals 3. Has a vaccine against tetanus toxoid 4. Produces Tetanospasmin -a neurotoxin that blocks the release of neurotransmitters for inhibitory synapses so causes spastic paralysis

Answer 123

1. Generalized tetanus - spread of toxin from local site 2. Localized tetanus - toxic effects at local site 3. Neonatal tetanus - toxemia after infection of umbilical stump

Answer 124

As an anaerobe.

Answer 125

1. spore-forming gram-pos rod. 2. spores in soil worldwide 3. produces botulinum toxin - prevents release of neurotransmitter acetylchline which causes flacid paralysis 4. diagnosis by detection of toxin in patient serum or feces

Answer 126

1. Foodborne botulism - intoxication via contaminated bood 2. Infant botulism - neurotoxin produced in vivo following colonization of infant GI tract - usually via honey 3. Wound botulism - toxemia following wound infection

Answer 127

As an anaerobe.

Answer 128

1. spore-forming gram-pos rod 2. colonizes human GI tract, spores common in hospital rooms and other health care settings 2. produces two toxins - enterotoxin and cytotoxin 3. diagnosis by detection of toxins in patient feces

Answer 129

1. Pseudomembranous colitis - follows use of broad spectrum antibiotics such as Cllindamycin - relapse is common since antibiotics do not kill spores 2. May have milder forms

Answer 130

As an anaerobe.

Answer 131

1. gram-pos, branching rod 2. infection endogenous - poor oral hygiene, dental work 3. sulfur granules - large yellow or orange masses of filamentous organisms at sites of infection

Answer 132

1. Oral-cervicofacial infection | 2. Infections at other sites - thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, CNS

Answer 133

As an anaerobe.

Answer 134

1. small, gram-pos rods 2. common on skin, sebaceous glands, sweat glands 3. produces many products that stimulate local inflammation

Answer 135

1. Acne vulgaris - stimulates inflammatory response | 2. Opportunistic infections in patients with prosthetic devices (i.e. artificial heart valves) or IV lines

Answer 136

As an anaerobe.

Answer 137

1. pleomorphic, gram-neg rod | 2. colonize human upper respiratory tract, GI tract and genitourinary tract

Answer 138

1. Head and neck infection 2. Intra-abdominal infection 3. Gynecologic infection 4. Skin and soft tissue infection 5. Bacteremia

Answer 139

As Mycobacteria/acid fast bacteria.

Answer 140

1. Acid-fast, aerobic rods with cell walls that are rich in lipids. 2. Slow growth - 16-20 hours doubling time. 3. Intracellular pathogen - grows in unactivated macrophages. 4. disease due to host response. 5. MDR-TB - some strains have multiple drug resistance

Answer 141

1. Tuberculosis - most infections asumptomatic and latent - can do a skin test. Two forms - pulmonary and extra pulmonary. 2. Extrapulmonary - in pleura, CNS, genitourinary system.

Answer 142

As Mycobacteria/acid fast bacteria.

Answer 143

1. Acid-fast, aerobic rods with cell walls rich in lipids. 2. Obligate intracellular pathogen - does not culture. 3. Disease due to host response.

Answer 144

1. Tuberculoid leprosy - strong cellular immune response, relatively few bacteria. 2. Lepromatous leprosy - Strong antibody response but defect in cellular response, abundant bacteria - most infectious form.

Answer 145

As Mycobacteria/acid fast bacteria.

Answer 146

1. Acid fast, aerobid cods with cell walls rich in lipids. 2. Two species, M. avium and M. intracellular. 3. Common in soil and water; acquired via ingestion of contaminated water or food.

Answer 147

1. Asymptomatic colonization. 2. Chronic localized pulmonary disease. 3. Disseminated disease - ie in an AIDS patient.

Answer 148

As gram-positive rods with filamentous forms that resemble hyphae; weakly acid fast.

Answer 149

1. ubiquitous in soil rich with organic matter | 2. serious disease in immunocompromised patients

Answer 150

1. Bronchopulmonary disease 2. Lymphocutaneous disease - may progress to mycetoma 3. Brain abscess in immunocompromised patients

Answer 151

As a spirochete.

Answer 152

1. spirochete with gram-neg like cell wall. 2. Humans only natural host. 3. Cannot be cultured - use dark field microscopy of primary lesion. 4. Serology used for diagnosis in secondary and late stages.

Answer 153

1. Primary syphilis - painless chancre at site of inoculation. 2. Secondary syphilis - disseminated disease; rash 3. Latent Syphilis - asymptomatic; serological evidence of infection 4. Tertiary or late Syphilis - destruction of multiple organs. 5. Congenital Syphilis.

Answer 154

As a spirochete.

Answer 155

1. Spirochete with gam-neg like cell wall that stains poorly 2. Zoonoitc - it is the leading vector-borne disease in the US 3. The reservoir for the larval form is mice and for the adult form is deer 4. The vector is hard-shelled ticks in larval/nymph form on mice

Answer 156

1. Lyme diseases - there is an initial circular "Bull's eye" skin lesion with erythema migrans. The systemic signs are arthritis, cardiac and neurologic.

Answer 157

A rash that is seen in the early stages of Lyme disease.

Answer 158

As spirochetes.

Answer 159

1. Spirochete with a gram-neg like cell wall. 2. This bacteria can vary the expression of it's lipoprotein coat to escape immune surveillance. 3. Present worldwide and in the Western US. 4. The reservoir is rodents and small mammals and the vector is soft ticks. 5. The species B. recurrentis causes Epidemic relapsing fever in regions of Africa.

Answer 160

1. Endemic relapsing fever - caused by several Borrelia species like B. hermsii. The fever is relapsing because the bacterium evades the immune system. 2. Epidemic relapsing fever - caused by B. recurrentis. The reservoir is man and the vector is the human body louse.

Answer 161

As a spirochete.

Answer 162

1. Spirochete with gram-neg like cell wall. 2. Zoonotic - rodents, dogs, farm animals, wild animals. 3. Infection via contact with water, food or soil contaminated with urine from infected animal.

Answer 163

1. Most disease is mild, flu-like with fever and myalgia. 2. Systemic disease presents as aseptic meningitis. 3. Weil syndrome - overwhelming disease, vascular collapse, hepatic disease with jaundice and renal dysfunction.

Answer 164

1. smallest free-living bacterium, lacks cell wall, membrane contains sterols from host serum. 2. strictly human pathogen, transmission via aerosol droplet. 3. treatment includes macrolides like azithromycin or quinolones.

Answer 165

1. Tracheobronchitis 2. pharyngitis 3. Atypical or walking pneumonia 4. other species may also cause disease

Answer 166

1. M. genitalium 2. M. hominis 3. Ureaplasma urealyticum

Answer 167

1. small forms similar to gram-neg rods 2. obligate intracellular parasite 3. gets into endothelial cells and causes vasculitis 4. hard ticks are both a reservoir and a vector 5. Weil-Felix agglutination - a test for the Ab to this bacteria - has low sensitivity and specificity

Answer 168

1. Rock mountain spotted fever - fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, nausea, macular rash with cenripetal spread - ie to hands and feet and trunk

Answer 169

1. R. prowazekii - causes epidemic typhus, spread through lice. 2. R. typhi - causes endemic typhus, spread through fleas. 3. Orientia tsutsugamushi - causes scrub typhus and is spread by mites.

Answer 170

Back pain, myalgia, abdominal pain, headaches, joint pain, fever, rashes. Endemic typhus also causes vomiting and hacking, dry cough. Scrub typhus is more like spotted fever.

Answer 171

1. small forms with cell wall like gram-neg bacteria. 2. Obligate intracellular parasite - cytoplasmic vacuoles of hematopoietic cells. 3. zoonotic - resrvoirs include der, mice, voles and canines and the vector is ticks.

Answer 172

1. many symptoms caused by immune dysregulation. 2. E. chaffeensis - causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. 3. A. phagocytophilum - causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.

Answer 173

1. small gram-neg, spore-forming bacterium. 2. Obligate intracellular growth. 3. Zoonotic - cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and cats. 4. Infection due to inhalation or unpasteurized milk. 5. Extreme environmental stability.

Answer 174

1. Acute disease - pneumonia, hepatitis, fever. 2. Chronic disease - inflammation of the heart (endocarditis). 3. Biothreat

Answer 175

1. Small gram-neg rods with no peptidoglycan layer. 2. Obligate intracellular parasite. 3. Two forms: infectious elementary bodies and non-infectious reticulate bodies. 4. Treatment is via azithromycin or doxycycline.

Answer 176

1. Urogenital - urethritis, PID, most common STD in US. 2. Trachoma - important global infectious diseases - causes blindness. 3. Lymphogranuloma venereum - STD, primary lesion extending to lymphatics and lymph nodes.

Answer 177

1. Small gram-neg rods with no peptidoglycan layer. | 2. Obligate intracellular parasite.

Answer 178

1. Chlamydophila pneumoniae - causes respiratory infection with sinusitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia and possibly artherosclerosis. 2. Chlamydophila psittaci - causes Psittacosis or Parrot fever/Ornithosis. This is a respiratory in fiction spread to RES cells of liver and spleen. Birds are a natural reservoir.

Survey of medical bacteriology I - Kozel Flashcards

(202 cards)