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culmative writing exam pt.2 > survivorship curves > Flashcards

survivorship curves Flashcards

1
Q

type 1 survivorship curves

A

die at old ages

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2
Q

type 2 survivorship curve

A

die uniformally

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3
Q

type 3 survivorship curve

A

die at young ages

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4
Q

Write the formula for pop. growth rate, identify all variables.

A

r=(b+i)-(d+e)
r= pop. growth rate
b=birth rate
i=immigration rate
d= death rate
e=emigration rate

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5
Q

describe a major method by which carbon is cycled.

A

Carbon moves from living things through the atmosphere.

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6
Q

List the stages of mitosis in the correct order.

A

PMAT 1

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7
Q

What is necessary for a recessive x-linked allele to be expressed in females?

A

An abnormal gene on the x chromosome.

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8
Q

4 main groups of carbon-based molecules are found in living things, list them.

A

carbohydrates- polymer
lipids- not a monomer
proteins- aminoacids
Nucliec acid- nucleotides

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9
Q

What are chargaffs rules?

A

In the DNA of any species and any organism in the amount of guanine, should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine.

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10
Q

Why is an x-recessive link always expressed in males?

A

they only carry one chromosome.

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11
Q

What is the relationship between structure and function in biology, give an example.

A

Structure drives function, ex cars and wheels.

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12
Q

Describe the relationship between the predator population and the population of its prey.

A

When the prey population rises the predator population rises, but when the predator population rises the prey population decreases.

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13
Q

Which trophic level can be occupied by autotrophs?

A

1

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14
Q

what are the four characteristics of life?

A

Cells
need of energy
response to environment
reproduction and developemnt

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15
Q

what are transcription and translation?

A

transcription- the process by which DNA is copied to RNA
translation- RNA is used to produce proteins.

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16
Q

what two factors determine aquatic biome classification?

A

Sunlight and contractions of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in water.

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17
Q

List the phases of meiosis in order.

A

PMAT2

18
Q

Explain why genetic disorders caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes most often involve the x-chromosome?

A
19
Q

how much energy is passed between trophic levels?

A

10%

20
Q

which of the following accurately describes the flow of genetic information?

A

Nuculeas to cytoplasm to ribosome.

21
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases that DNA contains and how do they pair up in the DNA structure?

A

Adenine, Cytosine, guanine, and thymine
a t
c g
g c
t a

22
Q

Outline the four stages of the demographic transition as it occurred in Europe and north america.

A

low growth, high growth, moderate growth, low growth.

23
Q

Explain why bacteria are essential parts of the nitrogen cycle.

A

The bacteria get energy through photosynthesis and in return, they fix nitrogen to form the plants that they need.

24
Q

describe paratism

A

one benefits the other is harmed

25
Q

mutualism

A

both benefit

26
Q

commensalism

A

one benefits, other is left unharmed

27
Q

Discribe the relationship between climate and biodiversity.

A

cimate species can drive species loss and create biodiversity.

28
Q

List 4 phases of the cell cycle

A

gap 1, synthesis, gap 2, mitosis

29
Q

what molecule is dna transcribed into, which carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm?

A

messenger rna

30
Q

State the central dogma of molecular biology.

A

doctrine that genetic insstructions in dna are copied by rna, which caries them to a ribosome where they are placed to form a protien.

31
Q

how are transcription and translation related to the central dogma of molecular biology.

A
32
Q

what is the shape of dna

A

a double helix

33
Q

compare plankton nekton and benthos

A
34
Q

what are the 4 components of an expirement.

A

independent variables
dependent variables
constants
control

35
Q

3 major principles of cell theory

A

1 all oragnisms are made of cells
2 all existing cells are produced by other living cells
3 cell is the most basic unit of life

36
Q

what factors determine terrestrisl biome classification

A

temperature and rainfall

37
Q

The steps of trancription are.

A

initiation, elongation, and termination

38
Q

what are the types of rna

A

m r t

39
Q
A
40
Q

what is a start codon

A

aug, codon that begins translation

culmative writing exam pt.2 (2 decks)

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