sus Flashcards
sus (42 cards)
Traditional method where water flows over
the soil surface to the plants.
SURFACE IRRIGATION:
is a method where water is distributed over the soil
surface by gravity flow.
Surface irrigation
Examples of Surface Irrigation Methods
Furrow Irrigation
Basin Irrigation
Border Irrigation
Water is sprayed over the field, simulating
rainfall.
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION:
is a method of applying water to crops in a manner
similar to natural rainfall. Water is pumped through a system of pipes
and sprayed into the air through sprinklers, which then distribute it
over the field.
Sprinkler irrigation
Involves a central pivot point with a long arm that rotates around it, spraying
water over the field in a circular pattern. The system can be quite large and is
often used in large-scale agricultural operations.
Center Pivot Irrigation:
Similar to center pivot systems, but instead of rotating, the system moves
laterally across the field, allowing for rectangular coverage.
Lateral Move (Linear) Irrigation:
These consist of fixed or portable sprinkler heads attached to a network of
pipes. They can be adjusted and moved to different areas as needed.
Solid Set and Portable Systems
Portable systems that can be manually moved or transported on wheels. They
are suitable for smaller fields or areas with varying terrain.
Hand-Move and Wheel-Move Systems
Delivers water directly to the plant roots,
minimizing evaporation and runoff.
DRIP IRRIGATION:
also known as trickle irrigation, is a highly efficient
method of watering crops that delivers water directly to the plant’s
root zone. This system involves a network of tubes, pipes, valves, and
emitters. Water is slowly released in the form of droplets directly to
the soil, minimizing evaporation and runoff.
Drip irrigation,
The drip lines or tubes are laid on the soil surface near the plants. This
method is commonly used for crops planted in rows.
Surface Drip Irrigation:
The drip lines are buried below the soil surface, delivering water directly to
the root zone. This method is particularly useful for long-term crops.
Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI):
These are small sprinklers attached to the drip system, which spray water
over a small area around each plant. They are often used in combination with
drip lines.
Micro-sprinklers:
Water is applied below the soil surface, reducing
evaporation.
SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION:
involves applying water below the soil surface, either
through a network of buried pipes or channels. This method delivers water
directly to the root zone, reducing evaporation and runoff.
Subsurface irrigation
is a specific type of subsurface irrigation where drip lines or tubes are
buried below the soil surface, typically at a depth of 10-50 cm, depending
on the crop and soil type. Emitters along the drip lines release water slowly
and directly to the root zone.
Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI):
Using organic or inorganic materials to cover the soil surface,
reducing evaporation.
MULCHING
Practices that improve soil
structure and water retention.
CROP ROTATION AND COVER CROPPING:
are essential practices in sustainable
agriculture. They offer a wide range of benefits that contribute to improved
soil health, pest and disease management, and overall crop productivity.
Crop rotation and cover cropping
involves the planned succession of different crops on the
same land over a series of growing seasons.
Crop rotation
involves growing specific crops primarily for soil
protection and improvement rather than for harvest. These crops are
typically grown during off-seasons or between main crop cycles.
Cover cropping
Applying less water than full crop water
requirements to save water while minimizing yield loss.
DEFICIT IRRIGATION:
is a water management strategy in crop production
where water supply is reduced below the full crop water
requirements. Instead of meeting the total water needs of the crop,
water is applied at strategic times and in amounts that minimize yield
reduction while maximizing water use efficiency.
Deficit irrigation
