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PHAR 124 > Suspensions > Flashcards

Suspensions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pharmaceutical suspension?

A

Coarse dispersion

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2
Q

What does a suspension contain?

A

finely divided insoluble particulate material suspended in a

liquid or semisolid medium (continuous phase or vehicle)

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3
Q

What is the criteria for a suspension? (3)
PMS

A

Particles are uniformly distributed
Minimal solubility in the continuous phase
Size is from 1-100um

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4
Q

What are the advantages of suspensions?

A

Deliver poor water soluble drugs
Chemical stability
Palatability
Sustained release

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of a suspension?

A

Settling over time leading to lack of uniformity of the dose
Manufacturing difficulties

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6
Q

What are the components of a suspension?

A

Hydrophilic solids
Hydrophobic solids
External phase (Dispersion medium and vehicle)

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7
Q

What are the external phases that can make up 100% of the medium?

A

Water
Simple Syrup
Cherry syrup

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8
Q

What are the non-polar liquids of the external phase of suspensions?

A

Oils
Fatty esters
Hydrocarbons

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9
Q

What are some other ingredients added to suspensions? (2)

They do something

A

Flocculating agents

Viscosity modifiers

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10
Q

Do electrolytes decrease or increase Zeta potential?

A

Decrease

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11
Q

Do ionic surfactants decrease or increase Zeta potential?

A

decrease

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12
Q

Why are polysaccharides used only for extemporaneous compounding?

A

Susceptibility to microbial growth

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13
Q

What are the 3 polysaccharides we should know?

A

Acacia gum
Tragacanth
Alginates

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14
Q

What do semi-synthetic cellulose derivatives do?

A

Increase the range of viscosity

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15
Q

What are the water soluble cellulose derivatives we should know? (Viscosity modifiers)

A

Methylcellulose
Microcrystalline cellulose

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16
Q

What are the hydrated silicates we should know?

A

Bentonite

Just increases viscosity

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17
Q

WHat are acrylic acid polymers?

A

HMW cross linked polymers of acrylic acid form gels in neutralized aqueous dispersions

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18
Q

What is the acrylic acid polymers we should know?

A

Carbopol, enhance viscosity and trap particles

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19
Q

What is colloidal silicon dioxide?

Aerosil

A

Fluffy white powder used as either a suspending or thickening agent or a tablet/capsule diluent

Helps with thickening of formulation in tablet capsule diluent

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20
Q

What are the properties of a ideal suspending agent/viscosity modifier?

A

Dissolved/dispersed without special techniques

Uniformly incorporated

Loosely packed system

no effect on Bioavailability

no Incompatibilities

Stability

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21
Q

What are the suspension types? (5)

A

Oral suspensions
Topical suspensions
Parenteral suspensions
Sterile topical suspensions
Cosmetics

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22
Q

What are deflocculated suspensions?

A

Dispersed particles are small discrete units and have slower gravitational settling

Very difficult to redisperse because the small particles settle and no liquid is between them

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23
Q

What are flocculated suspensions?

A

Particles settle as flocs and the rate of sedimentation is rapid, but liquid is trapped hence it becomes easy to redisperse

24
Q

Is the supernatant clouding or clear in flocculated suspensions

A

Clear

25
Q

Is the supernatant clouding or clear in deflocculated suspensions

A

cloudy

26
Q

What are the physical properties of a well-formulated pharmaceutical suspension?

A

Resuspendable
Suspended long enough to remove a dose
Sufficiently small
Suitable viscosity

27
Q

What are the properties of a high zeta potential?

A

Have greater repulsive forces > Attractive forces

The system is dispersed or deflocculated hence it will cake

28
Q

What are the properties of a low zeta potential?

A

Have greater attractive forces > repulsive forces

System will be flocculated (Hence prevents caking)

29
Q

What is the reason and solution for caking

A

High zeta potential (Deflocculated) solute is flocculate

30
Q

What is the reason and solution for Crystal Growth

A

Partial solubility, temp fluctuation

Select the insoluble form of the drug, keep it at constant temp, and narrow size distribution

31
Q

What is the reason and solution for Poor redispersibility

A

Caking, High viscosity, deflocculated suspension

Flocculate, keep viscosity optimal

32
Q

What is the reason and solution for cap lock

A

Sugar in the formula

Use a mix of sugar and artificial sweetener

33
Q

What is the reason and solution for settling

A

Low viscosity, large particles

Increase viscosity, reduce particle size

34
Q

What is the reason and solution for Flavour changes

A

Incompatibility

Select another flavour

35
Q

What is the reason and solution for colour changing

A

Incompatibility, too much air incorporated

Solve incompatibility, avoid air bubbles

36
Q

What are most pharmaceutical substances?

A

Hydrophobic solids

37
Q

What are hydrophobic solids?

A

Not wetted by water but wetted by oils

38
Q

What are hydrophilic solids

A

Readily wetted by water

39
Q

What are the only polar liquid solvents you can go up to 100%

A

Water, Simple syrup, cherry syrup

40
Q

What are the external phase non-polar liquids that we can use up to 100%

A

Oils
Fatty esters
Hydrocarbons

41
Q

What are the external phase structured vehicles we should know?

ATCMC

A

Acacian
Tragacanth
Carbopol
methyl cellulose derivatives
Colloidal silicon dioxide

42
Q

What is thixotropic

A

Gets solid when standing, but liquid when moving

43
Q

What is Zeta potential>

A

It is the particle charge

44
Q

Does larger zeta potential on particles lead to flocculation or deflocculation?

A

deflocculation (More dispersed)

45
Q

Decreases in zeta potential

A

decrease deflocculation (Hence making particles more clumpy and more flocculated)

46
Q

What are deflocculated suspensions usually used/made

A

Usually pharmacy compound for short term

47
Q

What does sodium lauryl sulfate <1% do?

A

Neutralized static electricity
compounding tip

48
Q

In a suspension the particles have a ___ solubility in the continuos phase.

A

minimal

49
Q

Why are suspension not used for parenteral administration?

A

Due to the settling and sometimes thixotropic effects of the suspension

50
Q

What are some sweeteners one could use for a suspension?

A

Sugar, lactose, dextrose

51
Q

How can we decrease Zeta potential

A

Adding electrolytes, ionic surfactants

52
Q

Does polymeric flocculating agents effect Zeta potential?

A

No, instead if increases viscosity

53
Q

Which type (Flocculated or Defloculated) is not recommended for storing over a long period of time?

A

Defloculated due to caking

54
Q

What does Magnesium stearate <1% do?

A

Enhances flowability

55
Q

What does Sodium Lauryl sulphate do <1%?

A

Neutralized static electricity

PHAR 124 (6 decks)

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