Sustainability in the energy sector

Question 1

Renewable?

Answer 1

Källa som naturligt fylls på med tiden. (Källa, source)

Question 2

Sustainable?

Answer 2

Energiproduktions metod som kan hålla i en överskådlig framtid. (Metod, method)

Question 3

Greenhouse effect

Answer 3

Greenhouse gases hinder short-wave radiation emitted by the earth. Increased gh-gases disturb heat balance

Question 4

Plancks law

Answer 4

Inom fysiken beskriver Plancks lag den spektrala tätheten av elektromagnetisk strålning som sänds ut av en svart kropp i termisk jämvikt vid en given temperatur T, när det inte finns något nettoflöde av materia eller energi mellan kroppen och dess omgivning. Kurva.

Question 5

What is global warming potential (GWP)?

Answer 5

How much heat the gas traps in the atmosphere, relative to carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 6

Name some greenhouse gases and their GWP

Answer 6

CO2 = 1
Methane = 25
Nitrous oxide (lustgas) = 300
Flourinated gases = 1000-10000
Water vapor - very common but their GWP not mentioned

Question 7

What is carbon budget?

Answer 7

Hur mycket vi kan släppa ut för att få en maximal temp ökning, ex 2 grader eller 1.5 grader

Question 8

Biomass north of the equator and south, difference?

Answer 8

South: less (bc deserts, deforestation etc) and older (rain forests) = “saturated” with CO2
North: more and younger (farming, fields and forests) = “consumes” more CO2

Question 9

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 9

Instead of seeing it as a straight line (Fossil fuel -> Non biogenic CO2 -> Atmosphere), see it as a closed loop where CO2 is bonded in biomass, which is used for production (pulp based products, wood products which should be recycled) and energy (bioenergy, biofuel) , CO2 again, bonded in biomass…

Question 10

Requirement for sustainable harvesting when it comes to carbon capture by biomass (BECCS: Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage)?

Answer 10

massflow captured greater than massflow harvested

Question 11

What is BECCS?

Answer 11

Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (koldioxidlagring från biomassa)

Question 12

Energy sources: renewable & sustainable?

Answer 12

Solar, wind, hydro, biomass (if managed sustainable)

Question 13

Energy sources: NON renewable & sustainable?

Answer 13

Nuclear (can be discussed)

Question 14

Energy sources: renewable & NON sustainable?

Answer 14

Any renewable but with:
- non sustainable materials
- or at a non-sustainable rate/impact

Question 15

Energy sources: NON renewable & NON sustainable?

Answer 15

Fossil fuels

Question 16

What is CCS?

Answer 16

Carbon capture & storage (typ lagra i havsbotten)

Question 17

What is CCU and what is needed for it to work?

Answer 17

Carbon Capture & Utilization, CO2 is here seen as a resource for producing fuels (e.g. for aviation) (fånga in CO2 och återanvända den I ex. bränslen) .
Kräver: CO2-neutral electricity and reforestation

Question 18

What is DAC? What is its dilemma?

Answer 18

Direct Air Capture
The DAC dilemma: as DAC-technology develops, the incentive for reducing CO2 emissions is reduced

Question 19

DAC/CCS pros/cons

Answer 19

DAC-plants can be placed at convinience, cheap/space etc. CCS must be where needed.
DAC is however much more difficult and expensive than CCS, CO2 concentration much lower than in flue gas (~250x)

Question 20

What is Carbon positive/neutral/negative?

Answer 20

positive: utsläpp/emission of CO2 to atmosphere from ground, ex: fossil fuels
neutral: nettonoll, ex: biomass, CCS with fossil fuel
negative: reducerar mängden CO2 I atmosphere, ex: CCS with biomass, DAC