svt Flashcards
la génétique des population (11 cards)
What is population genetics?
Population genetics is the study of the frequency of genes (alleles) and genotypes in a population over time.
It helps to understand genetic evolution at the population level.
What is an allele?
An allele is a version of a gene.
What is allele frequency?
Allele frequency is the proportion of an allele in a population.
What is genotype frequency?
Genotype frequency is the proportion of a genotype in a population.
What are the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A population must meet the following conditions for genetic equilibrium: infinite size (or very large), random mating, no mutation, no migration, and no natural selection.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg formula?
The Hardy-Weinberg formula is p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele (A) and q is the frequency of the recessive allele (a).
p² represents the frequency of homozygous dominants (AA), 2pq represents the frequency of heterozygotes (Aa), and q² represents the frequency of homozygous recessives (aa).
What is genetic drift?
Genetic drift is the random variation of allele frequencies, especially in small populations.
What is mutation in genetics?
Mutation is the creation of a new allele by modifying DNA.
What is natural selection?
Natural selection favors alleles that confer an adaptive advantage.
What is migration in the context of genetics?
Migration (gene flow) is the entry or exit of individuals from a population, altering allele frequencies.
What are some applications of population genetics?
Applications include understanding genetic diseases, studying genetic diversity, tracking species evolution, and predicting the impact of environmental factors on genetics.
