Swallowing Final

Question 1

Masseter

Answer 1

• Elevates/closes the mandible
• Occludes the teeth
• trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

Question 2

Temporalis

Answer 2

• The anterior fibers elevate the mandible
• The posterior fibers retract the mandible
• trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

Question 3

Lateral pterygoid

Answer 3

Opens the jaw by pulling the mandibular condyle and articular disc of the temporomandibular joint forward. Moves the jaw laterally and protrudes it
-trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

Question 4

Medial pterygoid

Answer 4

Elevates the mandible; also contributes to lateral and protrusive movements
-trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

Question 5

Nerve for the muscles of mastication

Answer 5

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) - mandibular branch
My - masseter
Tent - temporalis
Looks - lateral pterygoid
Massive - medial pterygoid

Question 6

Orbicularis oris

Answer 6

• Rounds and purses the lips
• Closes lips which is needed to create a seal when eating
• facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 7

Incisivus

Answer 7

An accessory muscle to the orbicularis oris muscle which contributes to lip closure, protrusion, and lip pursing
-facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 8

Buccinator

Answer 8

Compresses the cheeks in to hold the cheeks close to the teeth during mastication. Helps the bolus stay between the molars and prevents accumulation of food in lateral sulci. Also involved in sucking.
-facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 9

Nerve of the lips and face

Answer 9

Facial nerve (CN Vll)
Orange - orbicularis oris
In - incisivus
Boca - buccinator

Question 10

Levator veli palatani

Answer 10

Lifts soft palate to close off the nasopharynx (draws it superiorly and posteriorly during swallowing and yawning). Raises soft palate during oral breathing.
-pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory)

Question 11

Pharyngeal plexus

Answer 11

Vagus Nerve (CN 10) and Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN 9); Accessory Nerve (CN 11)

Question 12

Musculus uvulae

Answer 12

Shortens and raises uvula and assists in closing the nasopharynx during swallowing.
-pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory)

Question 13

Tensor veli palatini

Answer 13

Tenses and elevates the soft palate to close off the nasopharynx. Opens eustachian tube with the salpingopharyngeus to equalize air pressure between the middle ear and pharynx.
-trigeminal nerve, mandibular branch (CN 5)

Question 14

Extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 14

-hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)
Huge - hyoglossus
Girl - genioglossus
Spills - styloglossus
Pumpkin - palatoglossus
-vagus nerve (CN 10)
Pie - palatoglossus

Question 15

Hyoglossus

Answer 15

Differential response based on where the muscle is fixed. If fixed at the tongue, will elevate the hyoid. If fixed at the hyoid, will retract and depress the tongue.
-hypoglossal (CN 12)

Question 16

Genioglossus

Answer 16

Protrudes and depresses the tongue, aids in bolus transport. Makes tongue concave to help cup the bolus.
-hypoglossal (CN 12)

Question 17

Styloglossus

Answer 17

Draws the tongue up and back (ie. elevate and retract). Helps create pressure between tongue and palate to propel bolus to back of oral cavity.
-hypoglossal (CN 12)

Question 18

Palatoglossus

Answer 18

Elevates dorsum of tongue (to close off the oral cavity from the oropharynx) and draws the soft palate inferiorily. Lowers soft palate during nasal breathing.
-vagus nerve (CN 10)

Question 19

Intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 19

-Together these muscles gather food from mental & lateral sulci, and direct it towards the chewing surfaces of the teeth.
-hypoglossal nerve (CN 8)
Super - superior longitudinal
Intelligent - inferior longitudinal
Very - verticalis
Tough - transverse

Question 20

Superior longitudinal

Answer 20

Draws the tip and sides of tongue up and shortens tongue. Makes top surface of tongue concave to hold a bolus.
-hypoglossal (CN 8)

Question 21

Inferior longitudinal

Answer 21

Draws tongue tip down and shortens tongue.

-hypoglossal (CN 8)

Question 22

Transverse

Answer 22

Narrows and elongates tongue

-hypoglossal (CN 8)

Question 23

Verticalis

Answer 23

Flattens and widens tongue, and helps establish a seal between the tongue and palate during swallowing.
-hypoglossus (CN 8)

Question 24

Muscles of the pharynx

Answer 24

Pharyngeal plexus:
-So superior pharyngeal constrictor
-Much middle pharyngeal constrictor
-Candy cricopharyngeus
-To thyropharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
-Swallow stylopharyngeus
-Pharyngeal plexus (minus accessory?)
-Speedily salpingopharyngeus

Question 25

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 25

Constricts the upper part of the pharynx; involved in sphincteric and peristaltic-like actions during swallowing. -pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal and accessory)

Question 26

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 26

Carries out sphincteric and peristaltic -like action in swallowing. -pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal and accessory)

Question 27

Cricopharyngeus

Answer 27

- One of the two parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Involved in sphincteric and peristaltic-like action during swallowing; acts as a sphincter at the junction of the laryngopharynx and esophagus. Helps to prevent reflux. - pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal and accessory)

Question 28

Thyropharyngeus

Answer 28

- Most superior part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Involved sphincteric and peristaltic-like actions during swallowing; acts as a “propulsive force” for swallowing - pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal and accessory)

Question 29

Stylopharyngeus

Answer 29

One of the three muscles that forms the inner layer of the pharynx. Elevates and shortens pharynx during swallowing (pulls pharynx walls laterally, vertically shortens pharynx) -glossopharyngeal (CN 9)

Question 30

Salpingopharyngeus

Answer 30

Elevates the pharynx and larynx to assist with deglutition. Opens the Eustachian tube to equalize pressure during swallowing and yawning (with TVP) -pharyngeal plexus (vagus and glossopharyngeal, NO ACCESSORY?)

Question 31

Muscles of the supralarynx and area

Answer 31

``` Trigeminal (CN 5): -M mylohyoid -A anterior belly of digastric Facial (CN 7) -P posterior belly of digastric -S stylohyoid Hypoglossal (CN 12) -Go geniohyoid Vagus (CN 10) -Pretty palatoglossus Pharyngeal Plexus -Places palatopharyngeus -Constantly cricopharyngeus ```

Question 32

Myohyoid

Answer 32

Elevates hyoid bone during swallowing. moves the hyoid and tongue anteriorly, depresses mandible, assists in propelling the bolus as well as moving the hyolaryngeal complex anteriorly/superiorly during the swallow. -trigeminal (CN 5)

Question 33

Anterior belly of digastric

Answer 33

Elevates hyoid bone during swallowing, depresses jaw if hyoid is fixed, moves hyolaryngeal complex -trigeminal (CN 5)

Question 34

Posterior belly of digastric

Answer 34

Opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed, elevates/retracts hyoid bone, propels bolus and moves hyolaryngeal complex -facial (CN 7)

Question 35

Stylohyoid

Answer 35

Draws the hyoid bone backwards, helps elevate the hyoid, and this combined action aids to elevate the tongue -facial (CN 7)

Question 36

Geniohyoid

Answer 36

Protracts and elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the tongue -hypoglossal (CN 12)

Question 37

Palatoglossus

Answer 37

Elevates dorsum of tongue (to close off the oral cavity from the oropharynx) and draws the soft palate inferiorly. Lowers soft palate during nasal breathing. -Vagus (CN 10)

Question 38

Palatopharyngeus

Answer 38

Tenses soft palate and pulls pharyngeal walls superiorly, anteriorly and medially during swallowing. Shortens the pharynx with the stylopharyngeus muscle during swallowing. Closes off nasopharynx from the oropharynx. Pulls the pharynx upward over the bolus of food and prevents it from passing into nasopharynx. - *Also involved with the muscles of the soft palate group and the muscles of the pharynx - pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory)

Question 39

Cricopharyngeus

Answer 39

One of the two parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Involved in sphincteric and peristaltic action during swallowing; acts as a sphincter at the junction of the laryngopharynx and esophagus. Helps to prevent reflux. -pharyngeal plexus (vagus, glossopharyngeus, accessory)