Sweep 1

Question 1

Effectiveness:

Answer 1

what something can do in the real world.

Question 2

Efficacy:

Answer 2

what something can do in a controlled environment

Question 3

Space maintenance for a period of time of

Answer 3

6 months or more - most damage occurs in first six months. Mostly posterior teeth coming forward in upper, anterior going backwards in lower.

Question 4

Nance is best for when you are missing

Answer 4

multiple upper teeth. Don’t use transpalatals for missing teeth on both sides of arch - they would both tip forward.

Question 5

Nance are

Answer 5

inactive appliances.

Question 6

Bilateral max constriction with CO-CR shift ⇒ Tx with

Answer 6

W-arch, Quad helix

Question 7

Open coil

Answer 7

opens space - need to be compressed to be activated.

Question 8

Closed coil

Answer 8

holds space

Question 9

W-arch:

Answer 9

○ Reciprocal anchorage
○ W-configuration → increases wire length ( ↑ flexibility)
○ Force applied near palatal CEJ (not thru Cres)
■ Compression on facial surfaces of molars
■ 50% skeletal & 50% dental
○ Fabrication ⇒ 1rst molars to place band
○ Retention ⇒ ~ 3 months (will relapse into normal occlusion)

Question 10

Quad Helix

○ Only issue may be

Answer 10

patient compliance → pt may bend lingual wire

Question 11

Space regaining

Answer 11

more than 3 mm need expansion.

Question 12

● Pseudo Class III

Answer 12

○ Class I, but interference causes CR-CO shift leading to anterior crossbite

Question 13

Deep bite use

Answer 13

hawley and bite plate (plastic between front teeth).

Best situation for this? Trauma - palatal tissue irritation

Question 14

○ Max. removable with double helical cantilever

■ Steel round wire .022
● Double helix →

Answer 14

increases length, thus ↑ range & springiness

Question 15

○ Max. removable with double helical cantilever

■ Steel round wire .022
● If too small →

Answer 15

deformed by pt; if too big → heavy forces

Question 16

Double helical cantilever:
● Retention via
● Force applied ——

Answer 16

adams clasps (Lots of retention required; many clasps)

lingually

Question 17

Double helical cantilever

● No labial bow →

Answer 17

common feature of removables, but labial bow interferes with desired facial movement)

Question 18

Max removable with double helical cantilever
■ Tx for —— months
● Activate

Answer 18

1-3

2 mm → gives 1 mm of movement in 1 month

Question 19

○ Fixed appliance for AP bodily movement:

Answer 19

■ Rectangular wire

Question 20

● 1° dentition w/o successors

Answer 20

○ Ankylosis worsens, so when extracted greater vertical defect (greater periodontal injury & attachment loss)
○ Consider early extraction

Question 21

○ Elastic bandage ⇒ around elbow; only at night

Answer 21

■ Bulkiness reminds child; not a tight restraint

■ For 6-8 weeks

Question 22

Treatment options for ankylosed 2nd 1° molars without successors:

Answer 22

● Maintain 1° molars (if no bony defects)
● Extraction before vertical discrepancy too great
● Decoronation - remove crown & leave root tip (facilitates vertical bone growth)

Question 23

● Don’t treat deep bite in mixed dentition → unless

Answer 23

soft tissue trauma

Question 24

16 y/o male with Class III

Answer 24

don’t treat till 21 - female at this age can be treated

Question 25

○ Hawley retainer with finger spring (tipping) →

Answer 25

2 mm activation gets 1 mm movement

Question 26

■ Adams clasps better for

Answer 26

retention (wraps around teeth; good for kids with short crowns)

Question 27

TMA preferred over stainless steel for making

Answer 27

bends for extrusion - better flexibility)

Question 28

○ Retention required when ----- manipulated

Answer 28

several teeth

Question 29

○ Anterior crossbite correction doesn’t require retention if

Answer 29

proper overbite achieved

Question 30

○ Round wire for ----- & ----- for finishing

Answer 30

aligning rectangular

Question 31

Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) =

Answer 31

total # of apnea + hypopnea / hours of sleep

Question 32

Metabolic syndrome ⇒

Answer 32

group of risk factors that occur together & ↑ risk of CAD, stroke, DM Type II

Question 33

● EGG ⇒

Answer 33

monitors brain activity to document sleeps stages

Question 34

● EOG ⇒

Answer 34

eye movements - determines REM vs. non-REM sleep

Question 35

● Nasal/oral capnography ⇒

Answer 35

● Nasal/oral capnography ⇒ measures air flow from nose & mouth

Question 36

● EMG ⇒

Answer 36

muscle activity; bruxism & restless leg syndrome

Question 37

● --------------------- has highest accuracy for invisalign

Answer 37

Lingual constriction

Question 38

Moderate generalized space discrepancy (---- mm per arch)

Answer 38

<4

Question 39

Moderate generalized space discrepancy ○ Active Lingual Arch ■ Treats --------

Answer 39

anterior crowding

Question 40

``` Moderate generalized space discrepancy Active lingual arch ● Best for -------- ● ------- of incisors (NOT good for rotations or bodily movement) ○ --------- of molar (anchor tooth) ● Increases risk of --------- ```

Answer 40

faciolingual discrepancies Facial tipping Distal tipping 2nd molar impaction

Question 41

Moderate generalized space discrepancy ○ Active Lingual Arch ■ Clinical management ⇒

Answer 41

separate teeth for banding; activation every 4-6 weeks

Question 42

``` Moderate generalized space discrepancy ○ Lip Bumpers ■ Treats ---------- ● Best for ------- discrepancies ● Possible ------------- ```

Answer 42

lower anterior &/or buccal segment crowding facial lingual 2nd molar impaction

Question 43

Moderate generalized space discrepancy ○ Headgear ■ Treats --------- (maxillary arch ONLY) ● Molar movement ----------- ○ ----------- fibers will pull premolars distally too ● Cervical headgear → also does ---------- ● Requires compliance

Answer 43

buccal segment crowding distally &/or buccally Interseptal gingival extrusion

Question 44

``` Moderate generalized space discrepancy Headgear ■ Clinical management: ● Adjustment every ----weeks ● Can expect----- mm in a year ```

Answer 44

6-8 3-4

Question 45

Serial extractions ⇒ Severe space discrepancy

Answer 45

> 10 mm per arch

Question 46

● Localized space shortage is an opportunity to regain space if

Answer 46

< 3 mm per quadrant

Question 47

1. Permanent molar ectopic eruption | ○ 1rst permanent molar erupts ------ → may cause ----------

Answer 47

mesially 1° molar resorption & loss

Question 48

Moderate localized space discrepancy (

Answer 48

<3mm per quadrant)

Question 49

○ Space regaining treatment plans:

Answer 49

band and spring

Question 50

■ BAND & SPRING ● ------- banded and spring pushes-------- back ● --------- tip ○ Short roots bc still erupting - very easy to tip ● Fabrication → made by lab, so need to band and separate tooth for impression; wire bend & soldered by lab ○ Activated------- ○ Treatment completed after ---- activations ● No ------- required

Answer 50

1° molar 2° molar Uncontrolled distal crown 3-4 mm 2-3 retention

Question 51

Moderate localized space discrepancy ● Direct (Intraoral) fabrication with no soldering → tooth banded & bent wire used as spring

Answer 51

■ MODIFIED BAND & SPRING

Question 52

● Most modern & efficient way → No banding; intraoral fabrication ● Brackets bonded on dentition with spring inbetween

Answer 52

■ BONDED SPRING

Question 53

Space regaining for posterior tooth loss ○ Max. removable appliance - Hawley finger spring ■ Biomechanics: ● Resistance/anchorage via ---------- ● Uncontrolled -------- tip ■ Lab fabrication;-----mm activation; ----- movement per month ■ ----------- required (with --------)

Answer 53

adams clasps & anterior palate distal crown 2-3 1mm Retention & stabilization band & loop

Question 54

Space regaining for posterior tooth loss ○ Banded & bonded appliance with coil spring ■ Open coil spring biomechanics ● Reciprocal force applied ----------- ● Distal force & moment produces -------- ○ Mesial rotation of --------- rotation of molar

Answer 54

buccal to C-res rotation PM & Distal

Question 55

Space regaining for posterior tooth loss ○ Banded & bonded appliance with coil spring■ Contralateral 1rst permanent molar banded as well ● Mandibular arch → Anchorage via anteriors with --------- ● Maxillary arch → Anchorage via ------- on palate

Answer 55

LLHA nance button

Question 56

1. Space regaining for anterior & posterior space discrepancy (

Answer 56

<3mm)

Question 57

1. Space regaining for anterior & posterior space discrepancy ○ Treatment with Lower lingual holding appliance (LLHA) ■ Tips ------- (~roughly equal distance) ● Inefficient way to move teeth bc wire is

Answer 57

molars distally & anteriors facially heavy with little range of movement, but good way to gain space