Swindle - Chapter 1

Question 1

Answer 1

Yucutan

Question 2

Answer 2

Hanford

Question 3

Answer 3

Gottingen

Question 4

Answer 4

Sinclair S-1

Question 5

Answer 5

Ossabaw

Question 6

Answer 6

Vietnamese potbellied

Question 7

Answer 7

Yucatan, mature

Question 8

Describe the mature size and growth rate on domestic and miniature pigs. What is the size of most miniature breeds of pigs at sexual maturity?

Answer 8

12-45 kg

Question 9

Define shoat.

Answer 9

Weaned animal.

Question 10

Define sounder.

Answer 10

A herd of wild swine.

Question 11

Compare larger and miniature breed swine gestation.

Answer 11

115 days for larger breeds, gestation for miniature swine is usually shorter by a few days.

Question 12

How long is estrus? When does ovulation occur?

Answer 12

Estrus is 2 days, ovulation occurs 30-36h after the onset of estrus.

Question 13

What factors impact the thermoregulatory ability of neonatal piglets?

Answer 13

Lack brown fat, do not metabolize glycogen and lipid stores for thermal control.

Question 14

When does the epiphyses of long bones close?

Answer 14

3.5 years in domestic swine

Question 15

What is a concern regarding limit feeding of swine?

Answer 15

May result in nutritional deficiencies if limit fed a regular commercial diet.

Question 16

What are the three general types of pig feed? How are they fed?

Answer 16

Starter diet - Fed free choice in first few weeks of life
Grower and breeder diet - 2-3% of BW per day

Question 17

Describe sodium toxicosis.

Answer 17

Encephalitic syndromes due to development of eosinophilic encephalomyelitis

Question 18

Describe provision of iron to neonates.

Answer 18

100-200mg of iron dextran IM w/i 48h of birth

Question 19

What length of fasting is required to empty the stomach and SI? The colon?

Answer 19

Stomach and SI: 8-12h
Colon: 48-72h

Question 20

Do swine generally have more lymphocytes or neutrophils?

Answer 20

Neutrophils

Question 21

Describe vison in swine.

Answer 21

Generally poor

Question 22

Describe social nosing.

Answer 22

Touch each other on nose, head, and body. Interpreted as positive affiliative behavior. Only 2.5% of social nosing associated with injurious behavior, not necessarily linked to tail biting.

Question 23

What factors are associated with tail biting?

Answer 23

White breeds (York, Landrace), males more commonly receive, thermal stress, high stocking densities, and ill health.

Question 24

What genes have been linked to tail biting?

Answer 24

Lean meat phenotype (PDK4), hypersociability in humans and mice (GTF2I), and explorative behavior (EGF)

Question 25

What animals in a pen with tail biting show signs of chronic stress?

Answer 25

Tail biters and victims. Neutral pigs housed in same pens were unaffected, appeared to have better coping strategies that resulted in lower stress levels.

Question 26

When does tail biting typically occur?

Answer 26

At feeding time

Question 27

What change results in the greatest reduction in tail wounds and bite marks?

Answer 27

Provision of twice daily straw or straw racks. Chains and rubber hoses had no effect.

Question 28

At what age is tail biting first noted? What can be done at this age?

Answer 28

First noted preweaning. Provide chewable materials during preweaning may allow piglets to cop with stress such as the weaning experience.

Question 29

What type of material do young, single-house Yucutans prefer to manipulate?

Answer 29

Soft, flexible rubber as compared to a hard plastic ball.

Question 30

Question 31

How often do hooves need to be trimmed if not worn on cage flooring?

Answer 31

Every 3-6 months

Question 32

What temperatures should be swine be housed at per the Guide and Ag Guide?

Answer 32

Guide: 61-81F Ag Guide: 3-15kg = 79-90F 15-35kg = 64-79F 35-70kg = 59-77F >70kg = 50-77F

Question 33

What route do injections in the neck or behind the ear go?

Answer 33

SQ in large swine due to layer of fat, IM in smaller animals

Question 34

Where should intrathoracic injections be given?

Answer 34

Dorsocaudal intercostal spaces

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

Question 39

Question 40

Question 41

What is the largest gauge needle typically needed for a pig?

Answer 41

20 gauge

Question 42

Describe precaval blood collection.

Answer 42

Approach from right side, lateral to manubrium, and direct at an angle of 30-45 degrees to left shoulder. Hematomas form, so best for procedures that do not require blood more than weekly.

Question 43

What is the swine vertebral formula?

Answer 43

C7, T14-15, L6-7, S4, Cy20-23

Question 44

Describe the torus pyloricus.

Answer 44

Muscular and mucoid glandular structure adjacent to the pylorus. Involved in the functional closure of the orifice.

Question 45

Where is the mesenteric vascular arcades found?

Answer 45

In the subserosa of the intestine, rather than the mesentery.

Question 46

What does the spiral colon include?

Answer 46

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and main portion of the descending colon.

Question 47

Where is the right adrenal gland found?

Answer 47

Attached to the vena cava.

Question 48

What is unique regarding the pig lymph nodes?

Answer 48

Inversion of cortex and medulla, with more central location of germinal centers.

Question 49

Describe the branching pattern of the trachea.

Answer 49

Branches at T3 to provide a bronchus to the apical lobe of the right lung. Bifurcates into the bronchi at T5.

Question 50

As a general rule, the growth of sexually immature domestic swine over what period of time will have a sig. enough impact on the physiological parameters of the study?

Answer 50

3 weeks.