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Intro to Animal Science > Swine Exam > Flashcards

Swine Exam Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What is Gilt?

A

A female pig prior to first litter or under the age of 2 years.

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2
Q

What is a Sow?

A

A female pig after first litter.

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3
Q

What is a Boar?

A

An intact male pig.

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4
Q

What is a Barrow?

A

A castrated male pig.

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5
Q

Duroc

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: England
Color: red
Ears: down
- excellent marbling
- used as a terminal sire commercially

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6
Q

Yorkshire

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: England
Color: Solid white color
ears: erect/up
- known as the mother breed for excellent maternal traits
- used commercially as a maternal breed

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7
Q

Hampshire

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: England
Color: black with a white belt
ears: erect/up
- known for muscularity, poorer on the maternal side
- not used a lot commercially, but have terminal strengths

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8
Q

Landrace

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: Denmark
Color: Solid white color
Ears: LARGE down
- known for their maternal ability, also have extra vertebrae
- large litters, extremely prolific
- used as a maternal breed commercially

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9
Q

Berkshire

A

National Swine Registry Breed
Origin: England
Color: mostly black body with white points (feet, nose, tail)
Ears: erect
- known for marbling ability and carcass quality
fastest growing breed in recent years
formerly a CPS breed

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10
Q

Spotted (or Spots)

A

Certified Pedigree Swine Breed
Origin: USA
Color: black and white spotted
Ears: down
- known as a muscular breed with added growth
used primarily as a terminal breed

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11
Q

Chester White

A

Certified Pedigree Swine Breed
Color: Solid white color
Ears: SMALL down
- one of the most versatile breeds
- known a bit more for their maternal strengths
- typically are more aggressive
- used commercially as a maternal breed

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12
Q

Poland China

A

Certified Pedigree Swine Breed
Color: black with white points
Ears: down
- versatile, known for larger litters and muscularity
- used to be one of the largest breeds in the USA 50+ years ago, but has since regressed

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13
Q

Hereford & Tamworth

A

These two breeds have little to no relevance in the commercial side of business but are growing in popularity in the show pig sector

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14
Q

Cross Breeding

A

Whiteline: Maternal, breeds A&B
HD: terminal

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15
Q

Typical time frame from conception to harvest

A
  • 300 days or less from conception to harvest
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16
Q

How long is a Sows pregnancy?

A

114 days
(3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)

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17
Q

How many days between birth and harvest?

A

160-190 days

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18
Q

When are piglets weaned?

A

About 21 days or less

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19
Q

How much time does a pig spend in nursery?

A

weaning to 8-10 weeks

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20
Q

How long is the growing/finishing phase?

A

3-4 months

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21
Q

Farrow to Wean

A

strictly a sow farm, only keeps pigs until weaned and then shipped and moved off-site to feed

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22
Q

Farrow to Feeder

A

Pigs are kept from farrow through the nursery phase

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23
Q

Feeder to Finisher

Study These Flashcards
A

It is strictly a finishing operation, but feeder pigs and fed until harvest

24
Q

Farrow to Finish

Study These Flashcards
A

All stages of production

25
What is the goal farrowing percentage?
85%
26
Parity
the number of litters a sow has carried (including current pregnancy)
27
When to deworm sows?
2 weeks prior to being moved to the farrowing facility treated for external parasites
28
What happens to a sows feed 1 week before farrowing?
feed intake is reduced
29
When should sows be moved to crate?
no later than day 111 of gestation
30
when is milk present in teats?
24 hours prior to farrowing
31
Why is farrowing induced?
optimize labor and production schedules reduce pig mortality heavier weights allow for more cross-farrowing increase of one pig per sow per year
32
when is farrowing induced?
day 113
33
what causes the greatest percentage of preweaning mortality?
Crushing - 54% Followed by starvation, various known, scours, respiratory problems, and unknown
34
when is colostrum needed?
within 6 hours of birth
35
Naval Cord
cut to 3-4 inches, treated with iodine
36
are the baby teeth clipped?
YES
37
What management practices take place within 3 days of birth?
Controling anemia and scours castration tail docking irons shots
38
Temperature control
piglets need to be kept warm 95 degrees
39
How heavy do piglets need to be before weaning?
heavier than 10 pounds
40
What is important about lysine?
most limited amino acid in pigs died must account for limited lysine levels
41
Phase feeding
4 specific rations based on the time of production
42
Split sex feeding
Splitting males and females for feeding because females are more lean
43
Environmental control
- manure management - odor management - air quality interventions
44
What does a notch on the left ear signify?
represents the individual pigs number
45
What does a notch on the right ear signify?
the litter number
46
How many notcher per section
only two notches per section
47
when is ear notching done
1-3 days after birth
48
What affects pig health?
environment, nutrition, animal care/management, vaccination protocols
49
Swine Dysentery (Scours)
Body system affected: Gastrointestinal Cause: Bacteria Type of swine affected: 8-14 weeks old Treatment: antibiotics, sanitation Symptoms: slows growth of pig, loose, frequent off colored feces, lethargy, dehydration
50
Actinobacillus
Body system affected: respiratory Cause: bacteria Type of swine affected: finishing swine Treatment: antibiotics prevention: vaccine Symptoms: abdominal breathing, high fever, sudden death
51
Leptospirosis
Body system affected: reproductive Cause: bacteria Type of swine affected: boars and sows prevention: vaccination program Symptoms: results in abortion and stillbirths ZOONOTIC - transmissible to humans
52
Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
Body system affected: Reproductive and respiratory Cause: virus Type of swine affected: all Symptoms: birth of premature litters; still borns; increased preweaning illness in piglets; respiratory disease in the nursery Treatment: Vaccine
53
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDs)
Body system affected: Digestive Cause: Virus Type of swine affected: all, but most severe on piglets (80% mortality) Symptoms: causes severe watery diarrhea in pigs and vomiting, leading to severe dehydration which is what causes death treatment: No vaccine only prevention is with biosecurity plans
54
Parasites
Common types: mange, lice, roundworms, threadworms, nodular worms causes: lack of sanitation Treatment: spraying with insecticides for mange and lice, use of deworming agents on worms symptoms: presence of the parasite on the hair or in the feces, loss of hair and scaling skin, reduced performance
55
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
Body system affected: Nervous Cause: genetic (origin from importation and utilization of the Pietrain breed of swine) Symptoms/Signs: the onset is sudden with muscle tremors, twitching of the face and rapid respiration, skin becomes red and blotched Treatment: ineffective Prevention: cull animals that carry the gene

Intro to Animal Science (2 decks)

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