switched networks

Question 1

what is

microsegmentation

Answer 1

Each switch port is a separate collision domain. In effect, the switch establishes a point-to-point link between any two network nodes.

Question 2

what is

port mirroring

Answer 2

copies all packets sent to one or more source ports to a mirror (or destination) port

called a switched port analyzer (SPAN) on a Cisco switch

Question 3

what is

port mirroring called on a Cisco switch

Answer 3

switched port analyzer (SPAN)

Question 4

what are

switching loops

Answer 4

cause flooded frames to circulate the network perpetually, causing what is often called a broadcast storm

Question 5

how to prevent a

broadcast loop

Answer 5

spanning tree protocol

Question 6

what is the

bridge at the top of a spanning tree hierarchy

Answer 6

root bridge

Question 7

what is

shortest path to the root bridge-STP information is packaged as _______ multicast frames

Answer 7

bridge protocol data unit (BPDU)

Question 8

what is a

port that forwards “up” to the root bridge

Answer 8

root port

Question 9

what are

ports that can forward traffic “down” through the network with the least cost

Answer 9

designated ports

Question 10

what is a

port that would create a loop

Answer 10

blocking

or

non-designated port.

Question 11

what is

RSTP

Answer 11

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

Question 12

what is

STP

Answer 12

Spanning Tree Protocol

Question 13

what is

a converged network

Answer 13

when all ports on all bridges are in forwarding or blocking states

Question 14

what is

command that ensures that access ports—ports used to connect a host computer—are excluded from topology change notifications

Answer 14

PortFast

Question 15

what is

command that ensures that access ports—ports used to connect a host computer—are excluded from topology change notifications

Answer 15

edge-port

Question 16

what is

causes a port configured with PortFast that receives a BPDU to become disabled

Answer 16

BPDU Guard

Question 17

what is the

purpose of BPDU guard with PortFast

Answer 17

BPDUs are not expected on access ports so this protects against:

misconfiguration

or

possible malicious attack

Question 18

command that

causes the port to drop all BPDUs

Answer 18

BPDU Filter

Question 19

when to use

BPDU Filter

Answer 19

link between two separately administered switching fabrics

or

use it when joining physical and virtual switch fabrics

Question 20

what is

This setting means that a switch will not accept attempts from switches connected to the guarded port to become the root

Answer 20

Root Guard

Question 21

when to not configure

PortFast or you risk creating a switching loop

Answer 21

on switch ports that are used to connect to switches, bridges, or hubs

Question 22

what is

network topology

Answer 22

describes the physical or logical structure of the network.

topology is described in terms of nodes and links

Question 23

what

describes the placement of nodes and how they are connected by the network media

Answer 23

physical network topology

Question 24

what

describes the flow of data through the network

Answer 24

logical topology

Question 25

# what is point-to-point (or one-to-one) connection

Answer 25

a single link is established between two nodes

Question 26

# what is a shared access topology

Answer 26

all nodes share the bandwidth of the media only one node can be active at any one time, so the nodes must contend to put signals on the media

Question 27

# what is a local area network (LAN)

Answer 27

covers a wide range of different sizes of networks but is mostly confined to a single geographical location all nodes and segments are directly connected with cables or short-range wireless technologies does not require a leased telecommunication system to function most of the network infrastructure in a LAN would be directly owned and managed by a single organization

Question 28

# what is a small office/home office (SOHO) network

Answer 28

business-oriented network possibly using a centralized server in addition to client devices and printers, but often still using a single Internet router/switch/access point to provide connectivity.

Question 29

# what is a small and medium sized enterprise (SME) network

Answer 29

network supporting dozens of users such networks would use structured cabling and multiple switches and routers to provide connectivity

Question 30

# what is a Enterprise LAN

Answer 30

larger network with hundreds or thousands of servers and clients Such networks would require multiple enterprise-class switch and router appliances to maintain performance levels.

Question 31

# what is a campus area network (CAN)

Answer 31

sometimes used for a LAN that spans multiple nearby buildings.

Question 32

# what is storage area network (SAN)

Answer 32

interconnects storage devices such as RAID arrays or tape drives to make "pools" of shared storage capacity available to servers.

Question 33

# what is Scalability

Answer 33

means that additional users or devices can be added to the network without having to significantly re-design or re-engineer the existing infrastructure

Question 34

# what is Adaptability (or flexibility)

Answer 34

means that new or changed services and applications can be accommodated with minimum disruption to the existing physical and logical topology

Question 35

# what is distributed switching

Answer 35

access switches form the bottom level of the hierarchy each access switch forwards traffic to distribution layer switches distribution switches forwards traffic to core layer switches model is especially useful for medium to large networks systems can be grouped by location

Question 36

# what is a data center

Answer 36

a network area that hosts network services (such as authentication, addressing, and name resolution), application servers, and storage area networks (SANs).

Question 37

# what is software defined networking (SDN)

Answer 37

application (or suite of applications) can be used to define policy decisions on the control plane.

Question 38

# what is it called when each switch port is a separate collision domain. In effect, the switch establishes a point-to-point link between any two network nodes.

Answer 38

microsegmentation

Question 39

# what is copies all packets sent to one or more source ports to a mirror (or destination) port called a switched port analyzer (SPAN) on a Cisco switch

Answer 39

port mirroring

Question 40

# what is switched port analyzer (SPAN)

Answer 40

port mirroring on a Cisco switch

Question 41

# what causes flooded frames to circulate the network perpetually, causing what is often called a broadcast storm

Answer 41

switching loops

Question 42

# what is spanning tree protocol is used to prevent \_\_\_\_

Answer 42

broadcast loops

Question 43

# what is a root bridge

Answer 43

bridge at the top of a spanning tree hierarchy

Question 44

# what is a root port

Answer 44

port that forwards "up" to the root bridge

Question 45

# what are designated ports

Answer 45

ports that can forward traffic "down" through the network with the least cost

Question 46

# what is a blocking or non-designated port.

Answer 46

port that would create a loop

Question 47

# what is it called when all ports on all bridges are in forwarding or blocking states

Answer 47

a converged network

Question 48

# what is PortFast

Answer 48

command that ensures that access ports—ports used to connect a host computer—are excluded from topology change notifications

Question 49

# what is edge-port

Answer 49

command that ensures that access ports—ports used to connect a host computer—are excluded from topology change notifications

Question 50

# what is BPDU Guard

Answer 50

causes a port configured with PortFast that receives a BPDU to become disabled

Question 51

# what is What protects access ports against: misconfiguration or possible malicious attack

Answer 51

BPDU guard with PortFast

Question 52

# what is BPDU Filter

Answer 52

causes the port to drop all BPDUs

Question 53

# what is Root Guard

Answer 53

This setting means that a switch will not accept attempts from switches connected to the guarded port to become the root

Question 54

# what describes the physical or logical structure of the network is described in terms of nodes and links

Answer 54

network topology

Question 55

# what is physical network topology

Answer 55

describes the placement of nodes and how they are connected by the network media

Question 56

# what is logical topology

Answer 56

describes the flow of data through the network

Question 57

# when a single link is established between two nodes

Answer 57

point-to-point (or one-to-one) connection

Question 58

# when all nodes share the bandwidth of the media only one node can be active at any one time, so the nodes must contend to put signals on the media

Answer 58

shared access topology

Question 59

# what covers a wide range of different sizes of networks but is mostly confined to a single geographical location all nodes and segments are directly connected with cables or short-range wireless technologies does not require a leased telecommunication system to function most of the network infrastructure in a LAN would be directly owned and managed by a single organization

Answer 59

local area network (LAN)

Question 60

# label of a business-oriented network possibly using a centralized server in addition to client devices and printers, but often still using a single Internet router/switch/access point to provide connectivity.

Answer 60

small office/home office (SOHO) network

Question 61

# what is a network supporting dozens of users such networks would use structured cabling and multiple switches and routers to provide connectivity

Answer 61

small and medium sized enterprise (SME) network

Question 62

# what is a larger network with hundreds or thousands of servers and clients Such networks would require multiple enterprise-class switch and router appliances to maintain performance levels.

Answer 62

Enterprise LAN

Question 63

# what interconnects storage devices such as RAID arrays or tape drives to make "pools" of shared storage capacity available to servers.

Answer 63

storage area network (SAN)

Question 64

# what is means that additional users or devices can be added to the network without having to significantly re-design or re-engineer the existing infrastructure

Answer 64

Scalability

Question 65

# what is means that new or changed services and applications can be accommodated with minimum disruption to the existing physical and logical topology

Answer 65

Adaptability (or flexibility)

Question 66

# what is it called when access switches form the bottom level of the hierarchy each access switch forwards traffic to distribution layer switches distribution switches forwards traffic to core layer switches model is especially useful for medium to large networks systems can be grouped by location

Answer 66

distributed switching

Question 67

# what is a network area that hosts network services (such as authentication, addressing, and name resolution), application servers, and storage area networks (SANs).

Answer 67

data center

Question 68

# what is an application (or suite of applications) that can be used to define policy decisions on the control plane.

Answer 68

software defined networking (SDN)