Sx metabólico

Question 1

¿Qué es el síndrome metabólico?

Answer 1

Conjunto de alteraciones metabólicas que aumentan el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Question 2

¿Cuáles son los cinco componentes diagnósticos del síndrome metabólico según el NCEP:ATPIII?

Answer 2

Obesidad central, hipertrigliceridemia, colesterol HDL bajo, hipertensión e hiperglucemia.

Question 3

¿Qué perímetro abdominal define obesidad central según NCEP:ATPIII?

Answer 3

> 102 cm en hombres y >88 cm en mujeres.

Question 4

¿Qué niveles de triglicéridos indican hipertrigliceridemia?

Answer 4

> 150 mg/dL o uso de fármacos específicos.

Question 5

¿Qué cifras de colesterol HDL se consideran bajas?

Answer 5

<40 mg/dL en hombres y <50 mg/dL en mujeres, o uso de fármacos.

Question 6

¿Cuál es el umbral de presión arterial para diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico?

Answer 6

≥130/85 mmHg o tratamiento antihipertensivo.

Question 7

¿Cuál es el valor de glucosa plasmática en ayuno que indica hiperglucemia?

Answer 7

≥100 mg/dL, uso de fármacos o diagnóstico previo de diabetes tipo 2.

Question 8

¿Cuál es el componente fisiopatológico central del síndrome metabólico?

Answer 8

Resistencia a la insulina.

Question 9

¿Qué factores aumentan la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico?

Answer 9

Edad, obesidad, estilo de vida sedentario y predisposición genética.

Question 10

¿Qué trastornos se asocian frecuentemente con el síndrome metabólico?

Answer 10

Enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes tipo 2, NAFLD, ovario poliquístico y apnea obstructiva del sueño.

Question 11

¿Qué intervención es fundamental en el tratamiento del síndrome metabólico?

Answer 11

Pérdida de peso mediante dieta, ejercicio y modificación conductual.

Question 12

¿Qué es la adiponectina y cuál es su papel?

Answer 12

Citocina antiinflamatoria que aumenta la sensibilidad a la insulina; disminuye en el síndrome metabólico.

Question 13

¿Qué relación tiene el síndrome metabólico con la enfermedad cardiovascular?

Answer 13

Duplica el riesgo de muerte cardiovascular y triplica el riesgo de infarto o ECV.

Question 14

¿Qué tipo de grasa corporal se asocia más con el riesgo metabólico?

Answer 14

Grasa visceral o intraabdominal.

Question 15

¿Cuál es la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en adultos mayores de 60 años en EE.UU.?

Answer 15

Cerca del 50%.

Question 16

What is metabolic syndrome?

Answer 16

A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

Question 17

What are the main components of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 17

Abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol levels.

Question 18

True or False: Metabolic syndrome only affects older adults.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What waist circumference is considered a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in men?

Answer 19

Greater than 102 cm.

Question 20

What waist circumference is considered a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in women?

Answer 20

Greater than 88 cm.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when a patient has at least _____ of the following risk factors.

Answer 21

Three

Question 22

Which condition is NOT a component of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 22

Chronic kidney disease

Question 23

What is the recommended first-line treatment for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 23

Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise.

Question 24

True or False: Insulin resistance is a key feature of metabolic syndrome.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the target blood pressure for patients with metabolic syndrome?

Answer 25

Less than 130/85 mmHg.

Question 26

What lipid profile abnormality is associated with metabolic syndrome?

Answer 26

Low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides.

Question 27

Short answer: What lifestyle change is most effective for reducing metabolic syndrome risk?

Answer 27

Regular physical activity.

Question 28

What is the role of bariatric surgery in metabolic syndrome management?

Answer 28

It may be considered for patients with severe obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Question 29

What medication class is commonly used to treat hypertension in metabolic syndrome patients?

Answer 29

ACE inhibitors.

Question 30

True or False: Metabolic syndrome is solely a genetic condition.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Fill in the blank: Patients with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for _____ disease.

Answer 31

Cardiovascular

Question 32

What lifestyle modification can help improve insulin sensitivity?

Answer 32

Weight loss.

Question 33

What is the primary goal of treating metabolic syndrome?

Answer 33

Reducing cardiovascular risk.

Question 34

Which demographic is at higher risk for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 34

Individuals with a sedentary lifestyle.

Question 35

What is a common psychological factor associated with metabolic syndrome?

Answer 35

Depression and anxiety.

Question 36

True or False: Metabolic syndrome can be reversed with lifestyle changes.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What dietary pattern is recommended for patients with metabolic syndrome?

Answer 37

Mediterranean diet.

Question 38

What is the significance of measuring fasting glucose in metabolic syndrome?

Answer 38

It helps assess insulin resistance and diabetes risk.

Question 39

Short answer: Name one test used to diagnose metabolic syndrome.

Answer 39

Fasting blood glucose test.

Question 40

What is the impact of smoking on metabolic syndrome?

Answer 40

It worsens the condition and increases cardiovascular risk.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher in _____ populations.

Answer 41

Obese