Syllabus: Diseases and Immunity II Flashcards
What is active immunity?
the body’s defence against a pathogen by producing antibodies
Each pathogen has its own _______, which have ________ _____
- antigens
- specific
- shapes
What are antibodies?
proteins that bind to antigens, which cause their destruction
Specific ______ have _______ shapes which fit specific ________
- antibodies
- complementary
- antigens
How is active immunity gained?
by an infection by a pathogen
by vaccination
What is the process of vaccination?
antigens or weakened pathogens inserted into body
lymphocytes will respond and produce antibodies and memory cells
memory cells mean that the body will be protected from that pathogen
How does vaccination control the spread of diseases?
it gives people long-term immunity so that their body can quickly destroy the same pathogen if infected again, which controls the spread of diseases
What is passive immunity?
a short-term defence against a pathogen, occurs when the body receives antibodies from another individual
What are examples of passive immunity?
diffusion across the plascenta and in breast milk
State on reason, related to immunity, why breast feeding is important for infants.
it helps them develop passive immunity as they gain antibodies from their mother, helping them stay protected
What is one disadvantage of passive immunity?
memory cells are not creates
What is one disadvantage of active immunity?
the effect is not immediate like in a passive immunity situation
