Symphony NO 41 - Jupiter

Question 1

What was the enlightenment?

Answer 1

• Late 17th and 18th century movement
• Believed that knowledge and reason, rather than tradition, custom or supersition should be the basis for human conduct

Question 2

What was the enlightenment fueled by?

Answer 2

• Scientific advances
• Extreme inequality between the common man and the priveledged classes

Question 3

How did the enlightenment help modern society?

Answer 3

• Placed a new emphasis on equality and human rights

Question 4

How did the enlightenment help composers?

Answer 4

• Joseph II opened some areas that were priveleged only to the public
• Allowed more venues for music culture to flourish

Question 5

How did the enlightenment help the middle class?

Answer 5

• Led the middle class to a new position of economic and political power and influence
• Could now learn instruments

Question 6

Classical Features - Melody

Answer 6

• Balanced 2 or 4 bar phrases
• Mainly scalic/triadic movement
• Identifiable themes
• Contrasting themes
• Some ornaments
• Appogiatura is emphasised for effects

Question 7

Giovanni Sammartini Contribution to the genre

Answer 7

• Introduced elements of sonata into the first movement
• Pioneer in the history of the independent concert history
• Background to entertainment

Question 8

Classical Features - Rhythm

Answer 8

• Clear beat
• Mainly simple rhythms
• Some syncopation
• Varied rhythmic texture
• More flexibility with pauses and rits etc

Question 9

Classical Features - Harmony

Answer 9

• Simple harmonies
• Functional harmonic progressions
• Slow harmonic rhythm
• Modulation to closely related keys
• Clear cadence points

Question 10

Classical Features - Texture

Answer 10

• Mainly homophonic/some monophonic
• Some polyphony in bridge passages and developments

Question 11

Classical Features - Form

Answer 11

• Clarity of form - clear sectional divisions
• Sections follow traditional key relationships in sonata form

Question 12

Classical Features - Timbre

Answer 12

• Strings are dominant
• Woodwind solos
• Horns, trumpets and timpani have simple supportive parts

Question 13

Classical Features - Dynamics

Answer 13

• Written on the score
• Cresc and Decresc

Question 14

Pergolesi name of piece

Answer 14

Overture to L’olimpiade

Question 15

Pergolesi Instrumentation

Answer 15

Trumpets, oboes, horns and strings
Violas double the continuo

Question 16

Pergolesi form

Answer 16

• Opera Overture
• Fast-Slow-Fast - Attaca
• Binary form

Question 17

Date of Pergolesi

Answer 17

1735

Question 18

Giovanni Sammartini name of piece

Answer 18

Sinfonia No. 39 in G major

Question 19

Giovanni Sammartini Instrumentation

Answer 19

String

Question 20

Giovanni Sammartini Form

Answer 20

• Three Movements
• First movement in extended binary

Question 21

Johann Stamitz name of piece

Answer 21

Sinfonia in D major Op 3 No 2

Question 22

Johann Stamitz instrumentation

Answer 22

Double horns and oboes
Virtuosic writing across the whole orchestral ensemble
Woodwind start having melodies, but horns and timpani play harmonies

Question 23

Johann Stamitz Form

Answer 23

• Four movements - F-S-M&T-F
• Greater contrast between the two subjects in sonata form - Lyrical theme

Question 24

Johann Stamitz Contribution

Answer 24

• Vastly expanded the size of the court orchestra
• Use of wind section as soloist
• Introduced the minuet as fourth movement
• Continued the development of sonata form
• No longer composed as an opera overture

Question 25

Joseph Haydn Name of piece

Answer 25

Symphony no 6 in D maj

Question 26

Joseph Haydn Instrumentation

Answer 26

- Double winds, horns and strings - Soloistic writing - Important role for winds

Question 27

Joseph Haydn Form

Answer 27

- Four movements - Fast (with short intro)-Slow-minuet-fast - Movement 1 - rudimentary sonata form

Question 28

Joseph Haydn Contribution to the genre

Answer 28

- Transformed the symphony from an overture into sophisticated genre of concert music - Performed at public concerts

Question 29

What is the tonic of Jupiter?

Answer 29

C major

Question 30

What is the dominant of Jupiter?

Answer 30

Gmajor

Question 31

How do the harmonies change in Jupiter?

Answer 31

- Slow harmonic rhythm

Question 32

Outline Sonata form

Answer 32

- Exposition - Development - Recapitulation

Question 33

Outline what happens in the Exposition

Answer 33

- 1st subject -> bridge (counter) -> 2nd subject -> Codetta

Question 34

Outline what happens in the development

Answer 34

- Playing around with the themes and tossing them through keys - Fake Recap

Question 35

Outline what happens in the recapitulation

Answer 35

- 1st subject ->Modified bridge (tonic minor this time) ->2nd subject (in tonic this time) ->Closing section

Question 36

Outline Minuet and Trio Form

Answer 36

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Question 37

Classical Features - Melody

Answer 37

- Balanced 2 or 4 bar phrases - Mainly scalic/triadic movement - Identifiable themes - Contrasting themes - Some ornaments - Appogiatura is emphasised for effects