Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms

Question 1

arthralgia

Answer 1

joint pain

Question 2

atrophy

Answer 2

tissue and muscle shrinking

Question 3

crepitation/ crepitus

Answer 3

grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones

Question 4

exostosis

Answer 4

a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage

Question 5

flaccid

Answer 5

flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone

Question 6

hypertrophy

Answer 6

increase in the size of tissue such as muscle

Question 7

hypotonia

Answer 7

reduced muscle tone or tension

Question 8

myalgia

Answer 8

muscle pain

Question 9

myodynia

Answer 9

muscle pain

Question 10

ostealgia

Answer 10

bone pain

Question 11

osteodynia

Answer 11

bone pain

Question 12

rigor or rigidity

Answer 12

stiffness; stiff muscle

Question 13

spasm

Answer 13

drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle

Question 14

spastic

Answer 14

uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and awkward movements

Question 15

tetany

Answer 15

tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contraction

Question 16

tremor

Answer 16

shaking; rhythmic muscular movement

Question 17

ankylosis

Answer 17

stiff joint condition

Question 18

arthritis

Answer 18

inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion– there are more than 100 different types of arthritis

Question 19

osteoarthritis (OA), degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease (DJD)

Answer 19

rheumatoid arthritis most common form of arthritis that especially affects weight-bearing joints (knee or hip); characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage

Question 20

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 20

most crippling form of arthritis characterized by a chronic, systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes (especially of hands and feet) causing ankylosis (stiff joints) and deformity

Question 21

gouty arthritis

Answer 21

acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint (especially the great toe) caused by hyperuricemia (excessive uric acid in blood)

Question 22

bony necrosis, sequestrum

Answer 22

dead bone tissue from loss of blood supply such as can occur after a fracture

Question 23

bunion

Answer 23

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa

Question 24

bursitis

Answer 24

inflammation of a bursa

Question 25

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 25

condition that results from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist, characterized by pain, numbness, and tingling in the wrist and fingers and weak grip; commonly seen as a result of cumulative trauma of surrounding tendons

Question 26

chondromalacia

Answer 26

softening of cartilage

Question 27

epiphysitis

Answer 27

inflammation of epiphyseal regions of the long bone

Question 28

fracture (Fx)

Answer 28

a broken or cracked bone

Question 29

closed fracture

Answer 29

broken bone with no open wound

Question 30

open fracture

Answer 30

compound fracture; a broken bone with an open wound

Question 31

simple fracture

Answer 31

a nondisplaced fracture involving one fracture like that does not require extensive treatment to repair (hairline, stress, or crack)

Question 32

complex fracture

Answer 32

a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair

Question 33

comminuted fracture

Answer 33

broken in many little pieces

Question 34

greenstick fracture

Answer 34

bending and incomplete break of a bone-- most often seen in children

Question 35

herniated disk

Answer 35

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

Question 36

myeloma

Answer 36

bone marrow tumor

Question 37

myositis

Answer 37

inflammation of muscle

Question 38

myoma

Answer 38

muscle tumor

Question 39

leiomyoma

Answer 39

smooth muscle tumor

Question 40

leiomyosarcoma

Answer 40

malignant smooth muscle tumor

Question 41

rhabdomyoma

Answer 41

skeletal muscle tumor

Question 42

rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 42

malignant skeletal muscle tumor

Question 43

muscular dystrophy

Answer 43

a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles (Duchenne's is most common)

Question 44

osteoma

Answer 44

bone tumor

Question 45

osteosarcoma

Answer 45

malignant bone tumor

Question 46

osteomalacia

Answer 46

disease marked by softening of the bone from calcium and vitamin D deficiency

Question 47

rickets

Answer 47

osteomalacia in children causing bone deformity

Question 48

osteomyelitis

Answer 48

infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation

Question 49

osteoporosis

Answer 49

condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and liable to fracture (porosis = passage)

Question 50

kyphosis

Answer 50

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback condition)

Question 51

lordosis

Answer 51

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

Question 52

scoliosis

Answer 52

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve)

Question 53

spondylolisthesis

Answer 53

forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra

Question 54

spondylosis

Answer 54

stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae due to joint degeneration

Question 55

sprain

Answer 55

injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture

Question 56

subluxation

Answer 56

a partial dislocation

Question 57

tendinitis, tendonitis

Answer 57

inflammation of a tendon