Symptomatology - HA Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Symptomatology needs
A
Good case history
2
Q
Ocular or refractive in nature
A
Constant BOV
3
Q
BOV AT FAR
A
uncorrected myopia
4
Q
If px has habitual rx but still experience BOV
A
needs upgrade of the power
5
Q
2 possible causes of BOV at Far and Near
A
- Presbyopia
- Astigmatism
6
Q
Most likely pathological or dry eye
A
INTERMITTENT BOV
7
Q
occurs because of dry eye patchy area on the cornea
A
Intermittent BOV
8
Q
Twitching of lids
A
BLEPHAROSPASM
9
Q
Weakening of levator palpebrae superioris [elevating muscle of upper eyelid]
A
BLEPHAROSPASM
10
Q
twitching of eyelids in the afternoon
A
tired eyes
11
Q
twitching of eyelids in the morning
A
possibility of bell’s palsy to occur
12
Q
thyroid problems can cause
A
intermittent BOV
13
Q
lumalapot index of refraction (aqueous & vitreous)
A
DIABETIC PX
14
Q
mataas ang index of refraction
A
HYPERTENSIVE PX
15
Q
towards plus ang index of refraction (hyperopia)
A
Anemic & Cancer pxs
16
Q
Nocturnal myopia
A
BOV during Night
17
Q
Totally blind or wala nakikita at night
A
Nyctalopia
18
Q
Nahihirapan sa gabi
A
Nocturnal myopia
19
Q
more damage occurs to rods & elongation of eyeball
A
NYCTALOPIA
20
Q
Lights on/Photopic refraction and lights off /Scotopic refraction
What will be the effect?
Pag nagbago because…
Dilate- tumaas grado (wants to acc more)
Constrict- change refraction
A
NOCTURNAL MYOPIA
21
Q
- High index refraction
- Accumulate of water (namamanas)
- Towards myopia/minus
A
BOV DURING PREGNANCY
22
Q
Average -0.50 D increase if the patient is
A
pregnant
23
Q
temporary blindness
- cause is gutom or pagod
- refer to neuro pero pwede i-refract muna
A
AMAUROSIS FUGAX
24
Q
AMAUROSIS FUGAX
A
BOV DURING TRANSIENT LOSS OF VISION
25
BOV ACCOMPANIED BY CHANGE IN REFRACTION WITH MORE MYOPIA OR LESS HYPEROPIA
Nuclear cataract and increase blood sugar
26
- ARMD
- Cataract
- Pathology internally problem not in refraction
BOV NOT DUE TO A CHANGE IN REFRACTION
27
- Retinal detachment
- Hypoglycemia
- Antidepressant
BOV ACCOMPANIED BY A CHANGE IN REFRACTION WITH LESS MYOPIA OR MORE HYPEROPIA
28
A pain in the head which is a common symptom of disease of the central nervous system and should always prompt a careful examination of the eyes.
HEADACHE
29
2 kinds of Headache
1. Primary
2. Secondary
30
Ocular HA
Tension HA
Migraine
Primary HA
31
Headache arising from a primary intracranial pathology
- Walang ka akibat na problema sa katawan
PRIMARY HA
32
A manifestation of a general systemic diseases or illness
SECONDARY
33
Hangover: dehydration of kidney
Hungry
Fluctuation of BP
Vascular Headache
SECONDARY HA
34
Normally occur in the afternoon
OCULAR HA
35
Gradual in nature (pasakit ng pasakit)
OCULAR HA
36
Occurs after demanding visual task
OCULAR HA
37
I side is more painful- ↑ refractive power
OCULAR HA
38
Location of Ocular HA
- frontal
- superciliary ridge (space in between eyebrows)
- occipital
- temporal (in some)
39
umaabot kinabukasan ang frontal HA
Presbyopic px
40
does not experience HA unless lower than 2.00D (asthenopia)
MYOPIA
41
Mid orbital & occipital, Frontal & unilateral headache, pain will occur earlier in the day
ASTIGMATISM/ASTIGMATIC PX
42
- Mataas or mababa bp
- Mas masakit yung astigmatism ni px pag mas mababa grado
- If the power less than to greater power (distorted image)
VASCULAR HA
43
Frontal, temporal & or mid-orbital, brow ache along with lacrimation & burning SENSATION
HYPEROPIA
44
Lacrimation and burning sensation: blur near—> exert effort to look at near ciliary muscle efforts to acc para makakita ng clear sa malapit stress lacrimal app- secretes ng tears thus, burning sensation
HYPEROPIA
45
Normal IOP
10-21 mmHg
46
Frontal or mid-orbital
PRESBYOPIA
47
Increasing in duration & in severity as the goes by
PRESBYOPIA
48
Excessive NW in residual HAE lasting through the evening and the ff day
PRESBYOPIA
49
Pain over the brow w/ tension & pulling effect
- frontal eyebrow pulling effect going to occipital
VERTICAL PHORIA (HYPER/HYPO)
50
Unilateral radiating H/A
VERTICAL PHORIA (HYPER/HYPO)
51
HAE coming on with near work, similar to HAE of hyperopia
ESOPHORIA
52
Associate with toxemia or internal malfunction requiring medical attention
ESOPHORIA
53
endogenous and exogenous toxin
TOXEMIA
54
Occipital pain but may extend to frontal region
HIGH EXOPHORIA
55
With occurance of visual phenomena such as scotoma or field defects
MIGRAINE HA
56
Associated with nausea & vomiting.
MIGRAINE HA
57
It occurs in individuals of a certain type of personality of indecisive, insecure, perfectionistic, compulsive, sensitive, anxious & easily discouraged.
MIGRAINE HA
58
2 types of migraine
1. Classic Migraine
2. Common Migraine
59
consist of visual aura, unilateral ,throbbing headache & feeling of nausea.
CLASSIC MIGRAINE
60
nausea is the predominant symptom & visual aura does not appear.
no visual aura
COMMON MIGRAINE
61
Constant blurring of vision may be a symptom of antimetropia. T/F
TRUE
62
2. Intermittent blurring of vision is usually systemic rather than visual in nature. T/F
TRUE
63
3. Constant blurring of vision can cause changes in blood pressure level. T/F
FALSE
64
4. Constant should be treated as medical emergency T/F
FALSE
65
5. Patient with blurring of vision at far is estimated with myopia. It is necessary to get the BCVA after correction
T/F
TRUE
66
6. There is receptor cells degeneration if patient experience BOV in reduced illumination
T/F
TRUE
67
7. After prolonged reading patient experienced BOV is due to myopia
T/F
TRUE?
68
8. Dehydration of the kidney that causes headaches is a secondary headache
T/F
TRUE
69
9. Dry refraction can be done during photopic and scotopic refraction
T/F
TRUE
70
10. Latent hyperopia is detected by non cyclopedic refraction
T/F
FALSE
71
11. BOV accompanied by change of the refractive power to more myopia or less hyperopia may be a symptoms of serious retinal detachment
T/F
FALSE
72
12. Tension headaches is a kind of secondary headache
T/F
FALSE
73
13. In presenting symptoms of headaches if the severity is 1-10, 4 is considered mild
T/F
FALSE - Moderate
74
14. Ocular headache is most likely present in the afternoon
T/F
TRUE
75
15. Vascular headache is normally occurs in the morning
T/F
TRUE
76
16. Common migraine has no visual aura
T/F
TRUE
77
17. Gradual manifestation is a presenting symptoms under frequency
T/F
FALSE
78
18. Photophobia is a manifestation of dilated pupils
T/F
TRUE
79
19. Sharp knife headache is an intracranial headache
T/F
TRUE
80
20. Cluster headache is experienced daily within a short period of time
T/F
TRUE
81
has been variously described as a scintillating scotoma, fortification scotoma
VISUAL AURA
82
VISUAL CHANGES IN MIGRAINE
1. Loss/blur of vision at periphery seeing color
2. Seeing crescent shape or zigzag (positive visual phenomenon)
- px can only see central vision (both side)
- pwede rin sa gilid lang yung positive (one side)
3. Seeing changes in sizes
4. Experiencing tunnel/central vision photophobia
5. It can capacitate the px
6. Relieving pain: Close eyes
83
Trigger factor-It is something that the patient has ingested in the prior 24 hrs.
VASCULAR HA
84
It can be dull or throbbing HA, located at the frontal or fronts: on temporal portion,occipital.
VASCULAR HA
85
Present on awakening.or awakens the px in the morning.
VASCULAR HA
86
Accompanied by nausea & vomitting occasionally vomiting.
VASCULAR HA
87
Increase hypertension—> shoot up/down BP of the px
VASCULAR HA
88
Difference of Ocular HA and Vascular HA
Vascular pulsation is dull but throbbing
89
90% of HA is
TENSION HA
90
is caused by stress, noise, & pressures. gradual but not sudden.
TENSION HA
91
Frontal, occipital,Pain comes from the nerve that is irritated. HA with muscle pain in the neck
TENSION HA
92
under of psychogenic HAE: only in the mind
TENSION HA
93
A dull, deep aching and non-pulsating headache felt in the frontal and maxillary regions.
SINUS HA
94
A dull, deep aching and non-pulsating headache felt in the frontal and maxillary regions.
SINUS HA
95
Due to allergens, viruses, bacteria, swell sinus membrane.
More on frontal
SINUS HA
96
More severe in the morning & diminishing later in the day, except for the maxillary sinusitis (close to buccal cavity), in which the pain often begins in early afternoon and is relieved by recumbency.
SINUS HA
97
Pain is constant, more or less severe, deep & steady.
Sharp and severe in nature.
Neurological disfactor
INTRACRANIAL DISEASE HA
98
Felt at the top or front of the head & occipital, associated with brain tumor, bursting pain, & often associated with vomiting & evidence of neurological dysfunction, suddenly appearing or disappearing with changes in the position of the head, is characteristic of ventricle tumor
INTRACRANIAL DISEASE HA
99
wakes up px during sleep (AM)
INTRACRANIAL DISEASE HA
100
3 patterns
1. accommodation
2. convergence
3. neurological pattern
101
2 types of Psychogenic HA
1. TENSION
2. CONVERSION
102
anxiety
External factor
Result of normal physiological concomitants, anxiety equivalent or emotional tension which is accompanied by spasm and contraction of the cervical and scalp musculature (muscle pain)
TENSION PSYCHOGENIC HA
103
hysteria
Emotions
An attempt on the part of the px to relieve an emotional tension
CONVERSION PSYCHOGENIC HA
104
The pain is characterized by sudden, violent & paroxysmal that usually lasts for a matter of seconds.
`
NEURALGIAS`
105
It's described as tearing, knife-like or stabbing pain. The attacks can be precipitated by pressure on trigger area, at the supraorbital foramen or in the lateral neck area
(max of 5 secs)
NEURALGIAS
106
Nerve pain and pressing on the trigger are
NEURALGIAS
107
Known as histamine cephalalgia
CLUSTER HA
108
it is severe, boring. unilateral headache occurring in the temporal region and often accompanied by ipsilateral lacrimation and nasal congestion.
Most sufferers are middle-aged men
CLUSTER HA
109
refers to the tendency for one or more headaches to occur daily within a short period of time.
CLUSTER
110
Its attack is typically at night and more apt to occur while a person is lying down, sometimes the sufferer can abort an attack by getting up & walking around or even sitting up in bed.
CLUSTER HA
111
Patients often describe the pain as unbearable.
Nasal ingestion (frequent small attack occur in middle age men)
CLUSTER HA
112
Headache accompanying changes in lens prescription or visual training-in order to eliminate the possibility of incorrect optics, the following characteristics of lenses should be checked:
-incorrect pd
-prescription
-base curve of the new lenses from old lens
-absence of a tint or a different tint used than that incorporated in the pxs old rx
-different style of bifocal corrections
-kryptok to pal- HAE
-Image jump (Bifocal kryptok)
-Vertical height of one bifocal different from its mat
