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Synapses And Reflexes Flashcards

(20 cards)

1
Q

what is a synapse

A

the connection between two neurones

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2
Q

what are nerve signals transferred by

A
  • chemicals called neurotransmitters

- which diffuse across the gap

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3
Q

how do signals travel from one neurone to the next

A

the neurotransmitters set off new electrical signal in the next neurone

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4
Q

although the transmission of nervous impulses are fast, what slows them down

A
  • the diffusion of neurotransmitters across synapses

- this takes time

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5
Q

what are reflexes

A

automatic and rapid responses to stimuli

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6
Q

why do we have reflexes

A

to reduce our chances of getting injured

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7
Q

what is the passage of information in a reflex, from the receptor to the effector, called

A

a reflex arc

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8
Q

where do neurones in reflex arcs go through

A
  • the spinal cord

- or through an unconscious part of the brain

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9
Q

what is an examplle of a stimulus

A

a bee sting or touching a hot pan

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10
Q

what is the first thing that happens when you have touched a hot pan

A

the stimulus, heat, is detected by pain receptors

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11
Q

what is the response to the heat being detected by the receptors

A

impulses are sent along sensory neurones to a relay neurone in the central nervous system

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12
Q

what happens when impulses reach a synapse between the sensory neurone and a relay neurone and what does this cause

A
  • they trigger neurotransmitters to be released

- these cause impulses to be sent along the relay neurone

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13
Q

what happens when impulses reach a synapse between the sensory neurone and a motor neurone and what does this cause1

A
  • it triggers neurotransmitters to be released

- which cause impulses to be sent along the motor neurone

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14
Q

where do the impulses travelling through the motor neurone go to

A
  • the effector

- this could be a muscle or a gland for example

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15
Q

what happens when the impulses reach the muscle they wee travelling to

A
  • it causes the muscle to contract

- which moves your hand away from the hot pan

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16
Q

why are reflexes quicker than normal responses and why are they advantageous

A
  • you dont have to spend time thinking about the response

- meaning you can act quicker and get out of danger or injury with the least amount of damage done

17
Q

what is the whole process of a reflex is a bee were to sting your finger

A
  • the bee stings your finger
  • stimulates the pain receptors
  • impulses travel along the sensory neurone
  • impulses are passed along to the relay neurone in the CNS vis synapses
  • impulses travel along a motor neurone via synapses
  • when impulses reach the muscle it causes it to contract
18
Q

why do we have reflexes to protect the eye

A

because very bright light can damage the eye

19
Q

what do light receptors in the eye do

A
  • they detect very bright light

- and send a message along the sensory neurone to the brain

20
Q

what happns after the impulses have reached the brain

A
  • they travel along relay neurones to a motor neurone
  • which tells circular muscles in the iris ( the coloured part)
  • to contract, making the pupil smaller