synaptic transmission

Question 1

what types of neuronal communication are there?

Answer 1

gap junction/electrical synapse
synapse/chemical synapse
neuromuscular junction
neuroendocrine system

Question 2

what type of neuronal communication does the majority occur?

Answer 2

chemical synapse, mediated by transmitters

Question 3

what type of neurotransmitters are there?

Answer 3

conventional
neuropeptide
gas
lipid

Question 4

are lipid and gas neurotransmitters stored?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

where are conventional and neuropeptide neurotransmitters stored?

Answer 5

vesicles

Question 6

why are gas and lipid neurotransmitters not stored?

Answer 6

can easily cross the lipid bilayer

Question 7

what happens to neurotransmitters in neurodegenerative diseases?

Answer 7

loss of both main neurotransmitters and co-transmitters

Question 8

what happens in the trasnmitter release step of neurotransmission?

Answer 8

1: actional potential arrives
2: the depolarization activates Ca gate and influx occurs
3: exocytosis of neurotransmitter

Question 9

what 4 mechanisms clear neurotransmitters after the release?

Answer 9

uptake
degredation
receptor activation
diffusion

Question 10

what methods of neurotransmission are specific to neurotransmitter type?

Answer 10

synthesis
uptake
degredation
receptor activation

Question 11

what methods of neurotransmission are common to every synapse?

Answer 11

action potential arrival
Ca2 influx
exocytosis

Question 12

how are ionotropic receptors characterized?

Answer 12

rapid, slow-acting synaptic potential
chemically gated channel
excitatory vs inhibatory = depends on ion

Question 13

how is a metabotropic receptor characterized?

Answer 13

slow synaptic potential, long term
NOT an ion channel
G-protein linked
excitatory vs inhibitory = depends on pathway
second messenger

Question 14

which receptor is commonly targeted by drugs?

Answer 14

GPCR/metabotropic

Question 15

what type of receptors are neuropeptide receptors?

Answer 15

GPCR/metabotropic

Question 16

what triggers neurotransmitter release?

Answer 16

Calcium

Question 17

how is neurotransmission terminated?

Answer 17

uptake, degredation
diffusion

Question 18

what is the physiological significance of receptor diversity for a given transmitter?

Answer 18

different receptors can mediate distinct responded ( excitatory or inhibitory, time course, subcellular localization)
different receptors can be regulated differently

Question 19

what type of potential is the post-synaptic potential?

Answer 19

graded (diminishes with distance)

Question 20

what is temporal summation?

Answer 20

a single synapse activating multiple times in quick succession

Question 21

what is spatial summation?

Answer 21

occurs when multiple synapses activate simultaneously

Question 22

is synpatic strength constant?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

what steps of neurotransmission can be targeted by modulation? (psychoactive substances or drugs) ?

Answer 23

all the steps

Question 24

what is synaptic plasticity?

Answer 24

the ability of a neuron tomodify their own strength

Question 25

where do different types of synaptic plasticity vary?

Answer 25

different synapses under physiological/pathological states

Question 26

what is synaptic modeulation dependent on?

Answer 26

neuromodulators

Question 27

what is synpatic plasticity dependent on?

Answer 27

synpatic activity

Question 28

where does summation occur?

Answer 28

cell body

Question 29

where does modulation and plasticity occur?

Answer 29

synpases

Question 30

what are the differences between action potential and synaptic potential?

Answer 30

action potential - all or none, regeberative synpatic potential - graded