Synaptic Transmission Flashcards
(30 cards)
Gap junctions are _____ synapses.
Electrical
Gap junctions are made of _____, which form a _____ when they meet with those of a neighboring cell
connexons; gap junction channel
Gap junctions are most common where?
Mammalian CNS
Action potentials in a pre-synaptic electrically-coupled neuron causes a small ionic current to flow into the post-synaptic neuron. This causes a ______
postsynaptic potential
Neurotransmitter receptors are mostly found on the ______
postsynaptic density
Small neurotransmitters such as amino acids and amine are stored in _______, while larger peptides are stored in ______
synaptic vesicles; secretory granules/dense-core vesicles
Neurotransmitters are released from an area called the _____
active zone
Gray’s type I membranes are _______ and usually ______, while Gray’s type II membranes are _______ and usually _________
asymmetrical; excitatory; symmetrical; inhibitory
Why do action potentials in motor neurons always produce action potentials in the muscle cells they innervate?
Neuromuscular junctions have large synapses with many active zones, which all activate at once by an action potential.
Glutamate, glycine and GABA are examples of ______ neurotransmitters.
amino acid
Serotonin, histamine and catecholamines are examples of ______ neurotransmitters.
amine
Substance P and opioids are examples of _______ neurotransmitters.
peptide
Peptide neurotransmitters are synthesized in the ________, and are transported to the ______ by anterograde transport.
cell body, axon terminal
Amino acid and amine NTs are synthesized in the _______
axon terminal
Neurotransmitters are released into the synapse by _______
exocytosis
Depolarization cause ______ channels to open, which allow for NT release by _______ to initiate exocytosis.
calcium; modifying snare proteins
Secretory granules need _______ stimulation than synaptic vesicles to release.
more
________ increase the chance of an AP, while _______ decrease the chance of an AP.
Excitatory postsynaptic potential; inhibitory postsynaptic potential
_______ neurotransmitter receptors allow for fast synaptic transmission, while _______ receptors allow for slower and longer lasting transmission.
Transmitter-gated; G-protein-coupled
Transmitter-gated receptors are also called ______ or _____. G-protein coupled receptors are also known as ______
Ligand-gated; ionotropic; metabotropic
Ligand-gated channels are usually _______.
ion channels
Na+ permeable channels are usually ______, while Cl- channels are usually _______
Excitatory; inhibitory
Glycine and GABA are _______ neurotransmitters, while acetylcholine and glutamate are _______
Inhibitory; excitatory
Autoreceptors are found on the _______
presynaptic axon terminal
