Syncope

Question 1

What is the definition of syncope?

Answer 1

-transient loss of consciousness secondary to interrupted blood flow to the brain.

Question 2

What is the incidence of Synope related ED visits?

Answer 2

1-3%

Question 3

5 categories of syncope

Answer 3

• Reflex Syncope (Neurally mediated)
• Cardiac
• Orthostatic hypotension
• Blood Chemistry
• Neurologic

Question 4

Name 6 TYPES OF NEURO causes for syncope

Answer 4

• CVA/TIA
• Seizure
• Cancer
• Orthostatic hypertension
• Carotid stenosis
• Psychosis

Question 5

name 6 CVS causes of syncope

Answer 5

MI
Arrhythmia
Aortic stenosis
Obstructive cardiomyopathy
Pacemaker malfunction
pericardial tamponade

Question 6

Name two life threatening respiratory causes of syncope?

Answer 6

• Pulmonary Embolism

- Tension PTX

Question 7

5 vaso-vagal causes of syncope

Answer 7

-carotid massage
-Post exercise
-Cough/sneeze
-prolonged standing
-Bezold-jarisch reflex
(Pain/fright/emotion/blood loss/needles)

Question 8

Causes of Neurocardiogenic syncope

Answer 8

-Inappropriate sympathetic tone, increased vagal tone, Trigger event.

Question 9

In NC syncope how many mls of blood shift from the thorax to the lower extremities?

Answer 9

-300 to 800ml Blood

Question 10

4 causes of harsh systolic crescendo-decreshendo murmur

Answer 10

• Narrowing of the valvular opening
• Thick Calcification
• Rheumatic heart disease
• Fibrosis

Question 11

What percentage of paediatric syncope is neurocardiogenic?

Answer 11

-50%

Question 12

What is the systematic approach to assessing/evaluating syncope?

Answer 12

Head-Stroke, seizure, sugar

Heart-ACS, A/TAA, HOCM, AS,PE

Vessels-Sepsis, anaphylaxis, AAA/Ectopic, volume loss, vasovagal

Question 13

What is the DARTHVADER pneumonic for Myocardial infarction complications?

Answer 13

D-Death
A-Arrhythmia
R-rupture
T-tamponade
H-Heart failure 
V-valve disease
A-Aneurysm
D-Dressler syndrome
E-Embolism 
R-Recurrence and Regurgitation