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Syntax Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

Constituents/Phrases

A

Synctatic units

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2
Q

Pronominalisation

A

The substitution of a constituent by a
pronoun

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3
Q

Pro-form

A

Used interchangeably with the established term pronoun, keeping in mind
that a ‘pro-noun’ is actually a pro-phrase

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4
Q

Movement Test

A

If a string of words can be
moved to other sentential positions, it is proof of the string’s being a constituent

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5
Q

Coordination Test

A

It is only constituents that can be coordinated by the coordinating conjunction ‘and’

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6
Q

Gapping Test

A

A tag question leaves a gap, in which we could insert the missing string

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7
Q

Sentence-fragment Test

A

Only certain types of string can form possible sentence fragments which speakers can use to, for example, answer a question

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8
Q

Structural Ambiguity

A

In cases in which different interpretations arise through different sentence structures assigned to the same strings of words

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9
Q

Head

A

The most important element of a phrase (Prepositional, Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb)

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10
Q

Noun Phrases

A

Phrases headed by a noun

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11
Q

Projections

A

The head projects its properties onto the phrase as a whole

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12
Q

Word-Classes

A

Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Prepositions, Adverbs, Articles, Demonstratives, Possessives, Conjunctions,

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13
Q

Phrase Structure Rules

A

Phrase structure provides distinct slots which can only be occupied by certain types of constituents

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14
Q

Subordinate Clauses

A

The possibility to have sentences inside sentences

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15
Q

Clause

A

A syntactic unit that con-
sists minimally of a verb phrase and its subject

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16
Q

Sentences

A

The largest syntactic units and they are made up of one or more clauses

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17
Q

Matrix Clause/Main Clause

A

Clauses that can stand on their own

18
Q

Subject-Verb Agreement

A

Syntactic process which requires
subject and verb to share the same person and number features

19
Q

Case Forms

A

Forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase

20
Q

Transitive Verbs

A

Verbs that need an object

21
Q

Intransitive Verbs

A

Verbs that cannot take an object

22
Q

Di-transitive Verbs

A

Verbs that can take two objects, like give, or show

23
Q

Direct Object

A

One of the objects denotes an entity that
undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb

24
Q

Indirect Object

A

The object that denotes the goal, the recipient or the benificiary of the event denoted by the verb

25
Adverbial/Adjunct
Constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subject and object(s)
26
Complement
Semantically and structurally highly dependent sister constituents of heads
27
Predicative Complements
Complements that do not behave like objects
28
Syntax
The formation of sentences and the associated grammatical rules
29
Small Clause
Infinitive, basic verb without without finite information
30
Independent Clause
A group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought
31
Dependent Clause
A group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought
32
Diction
Defines the style of written or spoken language, representing the choices a speaker or writer makes within the rules of grammar and syntax
33
Modifier
A word or phrase intended to change, or modify, another part of the sentence
34
Sentence Fragment
Doesn't make a complete statement
35
Comma Placement
Proper syntax requires at least one comma to separate a list of three items
36
Oxford Comma
Separates the last item in a list
37
Verb Tense
The way you change a verb based on the time period when it happened
38
Unnecessary Word
An infinitive that is not required for a sentence to make sense
39
Run-On Sentence
The absence of punctuation makes the statement appear vague and rushed
40