syntax

Question 1

phrase types

Answer 1

a phrase is a collection of words have have a grammatical relationship with each other. includes:
- noun phrase
- verb phrase
- adjective phrase
- adverb phrase
- prepositional phrase

Question 2

noun phrase

Answer 2

contains a noun and other related words that describe the noun.

Question 3

verb phrase

Answer 3

contains a main verb and any related words.

Question 4

adjective phrase

Answer 4

group of words functioning as an adjective in a sentence.

Question 5

adverb phrase

Answer 5

consists of an adverb or words acting as adverbs.

Question 6

prepositional phrase

Answer 6

consists of a preposition and the object of the preposition.

Question 7

clauses

Answer 7

consist of a subject and a verb. clauses may be main/independent (stand alone) or subordinate/dependent (cannot stand alone). functions in a clause include:
- subject
- object
- predicate
- complement
- adverbial

Question 8

subject

Answer 8

noun or noun phrase that takes the action indicated by the predicator.

Question 9

object

Answer 9

the noun or noun phrase that has not taken the action indicated by the predicator.

Question 10

predicate

Answer 10

the verb is referred to as the predicator and all of it’s modifiers referred to as the rest of the predicate.

Question 11

complement

Answer 11

phrase/clause that provides extra information about an element. often complements come in the form of an adjective phrase.

Question 12

adverbial

Answer 12

single words, phrases or clauses that provide extra information about an element in relation to time, place or manner.

Question 13

sentence structures

Answer 13

group of words that contain at least one main clause. includes:
- sentence fragment
- simple sentence
- compound sentence
- complex sentence
- compound-complex sentence

Question 14

sentence fragment

Answer 14

act as a sentence even though they aren’t a complete main clause. (potato cakes 3 for $1)

Question 15

simple sentence

Answer 15

contain a single main clause. (i bought three potato cakes)

Question 16

compound sentence

Answer 16

contain at least 2 main clauses joined by a coordinate conjunction. (i bought three potato cakes and theo bought a burger)

Question 17

complex sentence

Answer 17

contain a single main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. (i bought three potato cakes because i was hungry)

Question 18

compound-complex sentence

Answer 18

must have at least three total clauses, with two main and one subordinate. (i bought three potato cakes and theo bought a burger because we were both hungry)

Question 19

sentence types

Answer 19

includes:
- declaratives
- imperatives
- interrogatives
- exclamatives

Question 20

declarative

Answer 20

sentence that conveys information, observations or statements.

Question 21

imperative

Answer 21

sentence that gives a direct order or instruction.

Question 22

interrogative

Answer 22

sentence that frame a question to elicit a response.

Question 23

interrogative tag

Answer 23

turns a declarative or imperative into an interrogative by inverting the verb of the main clause to its negative form and attaching it to the end of the interrogative.

Question 24

exclamative

Answer 24

sentence that makes exclamations, indicating emotion or emphasis.

Question 25

agent + patient

Answer 25

the agent is the person/thing that caused the change of state the verb describes. the patient is the thing that has been change or affected by the agent.

Question 26

active voice

Answer 26

the agent is the subject of the sentence. (the dog bit the boy)

Question 27

passive voice

Answer 27

the patient is the subject of the sentence. (the boy was bitten by the dog)

Question 28

syntactic patterning

Answer 28

patterns created through repeated syntactic structures, for efficiency, emphasis, or literary effect. includes: - listing - parallelism - antithesis

Question 29

listing

Answer 29

grouping items using ellipses to aid cohesion.

Question 30

parallelism

Answer 30

repetition of phrases or clauses. it is effective for reinforcing ideas, forming rhythm and tempo, and increasing predictability.